{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T18:35:23Z","timestamp":1776364523278,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n The World Health Organization recognizes every woman has the right to respectful and dignified care during childbirth. However, a significant number of women experienced obstetric violence (OV) acts or omissions causing harm, violating rights, or undermining autonomy, remains prevalent globally, including in Ethiopia where women\u2019s knowledge gaps and unfavorable attitudes perpetuate it due to limited rights awareness and cultural norms. In southwest Ethiopia, evidence on women\u2019s knowledge, attitudes, childbirth experience related to OV, and their determinants among facility-based deliveries is scarce. This study thus investigates these factors among mothers delivering in public health facilities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method<\/jats:title>\n An institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 402 women in public hospitals of the Jimma zone from August 12 to October 12, 2022. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects for structured, pre-tested face-to-face exit interviews. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Then, factors that showed significant associations in a bivariable linear regression model were added to multivariable linear regression models. Variables that had a P-value of < 0.05 in the multivariable model were considered statistically significant. Finaly, the results were presented using texts, tables and graphs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The present study showed that more than two-thirds of women had a knowledge about universal rights during childbirth with a mean score of 14.89\u2009\u00b1\u20096.76, 68). About two out of three participants had unfavorable attitude towards childbirth experience (mean 33.55\u2009\u00b1\u20094.91, 66%) and experienced OV (mean 67.09\u2009\u00b1\u200911.79, 64%) during labor and childbirth.<\/jats:p>\n Women living in urban areas (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22124.69, 95% CI: \u22126.41, \u22122.96), those with antenatal care (ANC) contacts (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22129.65, 95% CI: \u221211.18, \u22128.11), who gave birth at night (\u03b2\u2009=\u20094.06, 95% CI: 2.42, 5.70), and without obstetric complications (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22128.07, 95% CI: \u22129.98, \u22126.16) showed significant associations with obstetric violence.<\/jats:p>\n ANC contacts (\u03b2\u2009=\u20093.23, 95% CI: 2.02, 4.45) and companion utilization (\u03b2\u2009=\u20094.87, 95% CI: 2.14, 7.59) positively associated with women\u2019s knowledge levels.<\/jats:p>\n Absence of obstetric complications (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22123.06, 95% CI: \u22124.00, \u22122.11), urban residence (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22121.89, 95% CI: (\u22122.86, \u22121.01) and ANC contacts (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22123.36, 95% CI: \u22124.13, \u22122.59) were associated with unfavorable attitudes toward childbirth experience related to obstetric violence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The study revealed that more than two-thirds of participants had relatively lower knowledge of childbirth rights. Likewise, approximately two-thirds held unfavorable attitudes and experienced obstetric violence (OV). The most commonly reported forms OV were non-dignified care, non-consented care, and physical abuse. Sociodemographic factors (residence, maternal occupation) and maternal factors (ANC contacts, obstetric complications, companion utilization) associated with women\u2019s knowledge, attitudes, and childbirth experience related to OV.<\/jats:p>\n To mitigate the challenges, prioritize comprehensive training for providers on respectful and dignified care, alongside women\u2019s education to foster rights awareness and self-advocacy. Enhance ANC access, companion policies, and targeted strategies for high-risk groups (e.g., rural residents, certain occupations) to create supportive childbirth environments.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0347100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T17:35:36Z","timestamp":1776360936000},"page":"e0347100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determinants of knowledge, attitudes and childbirth experiences related to obstetric violence among women who delivered in the public health facilities of Jimma Zone Southwest Ethiopia: A cross sectional study design"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3374-3229","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ayanos","family":"Taye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tefera","family":"Belachew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0347100.ref001","volume-title":"Statement on the prevention and elimination of disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth","author":"WHO","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0347100.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4118-2","article-title":"Disrespectful and abusive behavior during childbirth and maternity care in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"ZY Kassa","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0347100.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.08.015","article-title":"Disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth in a low-income country","volume":"128","author":"II Okafor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0347100.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2332-5","article-title":"Prevalence of disrespect and abuse during facility based child birth and associated factors, Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia","volume":"19","author":"A Siraj","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0347100.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04895-6","article-title":"Obstetric violence and associated factors among women during facility based childbirth at Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia","volume":"22","author":"W Molla","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0347100.ref006","first-page":"556","article-title":"[Obstetric violence - since when and where to: implications and preventive strategies]","volume":"161","author":"Goaz Melet S FN PA","year":"2022","journal-title":"PubMed Harefuah"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0347100.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2020.10.002","article-title":"The magnitude of the problem of obstetric violence and its associated factors: a cross-sectional study","volume":"34","author":"JM Mart\u00ednez-Galiano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"pone.0347100.ref008","article-title":"The mistreatment of women during childbirth in health facilities globally: a qualitative evidence synthesis","author":"MA Bohren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reproductive Health"},{"key":"pone.0347100.ref009","article-title":"The impact of obstetric violence on maternal mental health","author":"A Khosravi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0347100.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czaa009","article-title":"Providers\u2019 perceptions of disrespect and abuse during childbirth: a mixed-methods study in Kenya","volume":"35","author":"PA Afulani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0347100.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2652","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20193020","article-title":"Women\u2019s perception on rights during pregnancy and childbirth","volume":"8","author":"IO M, A A, A P, T A","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"pone.0347100.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388858","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1388858","article-title":"Addressing obstetric violence: a scoping review of interventions in healthcare and their impact on maternal care quality","volume":"12","author":"AA Yalley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0347100.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13030-019-0149-0","article-title":"Attitude of pregnant women towards Normal delivery and factors driving use of caesarian section in Iran (2016)","volume":"13","author":"S Siabani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biopsychosoc Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0347100.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12071090","article-title":"Analysis of the Concept of Obstetric Violence: Scoping Review Protocol","volume":"12","author":"AC Ferr\u00e3o","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0347100.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-025-02119-6","article-title":"Prevalence of mistreatment and disrespect of women during childbirth in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"M Mirzania","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"pone.0347100.ref016","article-title":"Women\u2019s knowledge about their rights during maternity care: a systematic review","author":"MA Sutherland","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"key":"pone.0347100.ref017","volume-title":"WHO recommendations: intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience","author":"WHO","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0347100.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"010415","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.09.010415","article-title":"Awareness and perceptions of women regarding human rights related to maternal health in rural Bangladesh","volume":"9","author":"JE Perkins","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0347100.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05762-8","article-title":"Women\u2019s perspectives on disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth in Ethiopia: a qualitative study","volume":"23","author":"YM Adinew","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"pone.0347100.ref020","volume-title":"Statistics report 2020","author":"Jimma Zone Health Departement","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0347100.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4614-4","article-title":"Obstetric violence and its associated factors among postnatal women in a Specialized Comprehensive Hospital, Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"MS Mihret","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0347100.ref022","first-page":"115","article-title":"Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data--or tears: an application to educational enrollments in states of India","volume":"38","author":"D Filmer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Demography"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0347100.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002341","article-title":"Community and health system intervention to reduce disrespect and abuse during childbirth in Tanga Region, Tanzania: a comparative before-and-after study","volume":"14","author":"SA Kujawski","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0347100.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-017-0425-8","article-title":"Sowing the seeds of transformative practice to actualize women\u2019s rights to respectful maternity care: reflections from Kenya using the consolidated framework for implementation research","volume":"17","author":"CE Warren","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0347100.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-017-0381-7","article-title":"Development of a tool to measure person-centered maternity care in developing settings: validation in a rural and urban Kenyan population","volume":"14","author":"PA Afulani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"pone.0347100.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0645-6","article-title":"The effect of a multi-component intervention on disrespect and abuse during childbirth in Kenya","volume":"15","author":"T Abuya","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"pone.0347100.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5780900","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5780900","article-title":"Prevalence of Women\u2019s Home Birth Preferences and Its Associated Factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2024","author":"T Geta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0347100.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2018.91","article-title":"Childbirth fear and associated factors in a sample of pregnant Iranian women","volume":"33","author":"F Mortazavi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"key":"pone.0347100.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988961","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.988961","article-title":"Abuse and humiliation in the delivery room: Prevalence and associated factors of obstetric violence in Ghana","volume":"11","author":"AA Yalley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0347100.ref030","volume-title":"Determination of obstetric violence and affecting factors: a cross\u2010sectional research","author":"B Is\u0131k","year":"2023"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0347100.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15406\/jnsk.2019.09.00399","article-title":"Experiences of women in gestating and giving birth to anencephalic fetuses: the multiple faces of obstetric violence","volume":"9","author":"IB Fernandes","year":"2019","journal-title":"JNSK"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0347100.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322194","DOI":"10.1080\/26410397.2024.2322194","article-title":"Obstetric violence in the United States and other high-income countries: an integrative review","volume":"31","author":"LM Garcia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sex Reprod Health Matters"},{"issue":"07","key":"pone.0347100.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.4236\/ojog.2025.157087","article-title":"Effect of Antenatal Education on Knowledge and Utilization of Facility Based Delivery Services among Pregnant Women in Mpika District","volume":"15","author":"P Bwalya","year":"2025","journal-title":"OJOG"},{"key":"pone.0347100.ref034","volume-title":"Every woman\u2019s right to a companion of choice during childbirth","author":"WHO","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0347100.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23743735231183578","DOI":"10.1177\/23743735231183578","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practice on antenatal care among pregnant women and its association with sociodemographic factors: a hospital-based study","volume":"10","author":"S Bashir","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Patient Exp"},{"key":"pone.0347100.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417676","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2024.1417676","article-title":"Obstetric violence and associated factors among women who gave birth at public hospitals in Addis Ababa city administration, Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"GT Simeneh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Glob Womens Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0347100.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282694","article-title":"Assessing the association between an early and recommended number of focused antenatal care visits and the number of prenatal care content received before delivery in Ethiopia","volume":"18","author":"MR Kpordoxah","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0347100.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S457357","article-title":"Sex Disparities: couple\u2019s knowledge and attitude towards obstetric danger signs and maternal health care: in Rural Jimma Zone of Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"KA Shibeshi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"pone.0347100.ref039","article-title":"Disrespect and abuse during childbirth in public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","author":"AA Usso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Research Square Platform LLC"},{"key":"pone.0347100.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237098","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2023.1237098","article-title":"Disrespect and abuse during childbirth in East Hararghe Zone public health facilities, Eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"4","author":"AA Usso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Glob Womens Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0347100.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3000605221130015","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605221130015","article-title":"Disrespect and abuse experienced by women giving birth in public health facilities of Eastern Ethiopia: a multicenter cross-sectional study","volume":"50","author":"S Gebregziabher","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0347100.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czx180","article-title":"Jeopardizing quality at the frontline of healthcare: prevalence and risk factors for disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth in Ethiopia","volume":"33","author":"KP Banks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Policy and Planning"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0347100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T17:35:43Z","timestamp":1776360943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0347100"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Adewale Olufemi","family":"Ashimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0347100","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]}}}