{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T17:56:32Z","timestamp":1785779792483,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["408315\/2022\u20139."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408315\/2022\u20139."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Eating disorders are serious, complex, and potentially chronic psychiatric conditions that affect millions of people worldwide. Primary health care plays a strategic role in the early identification and referral, helping to reduce complications, mortality, and health system burden. This scoping review aimed to map the available evidence on validated strategies for screening for eating disorders in adolescents and adults in primary care. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews, with a protocol registered in the Open Science Framework (doi:\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/498FU\" xlink:type=\"simple\">10.17605\/OSF.IO\/498FU<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    ). Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and gray literature in October 2024. Data selection and extraction were performed by peer reviewers, and findings were synthesized narratively, with tables and figures. Of 2977 documents and 159 full texts assessed, 77 studies met the eligibility criteria, including 56 empirical and 21 nonempirical studies. Eleven validated screening instruments were identified, most frequently the SCOFF followed by the EDE-Q. Most studies used self-administered instruments before the consultation, with completion times ranging from 30 seconds to 15 minutes. Implementation strategies commonly involved the provision of materials and training for health professionals. Instrument robustness was primarily assessed through validity and reliability measures. The EDS-PC, EAT-26 and ADO-BED showed the highest sensitivity (100%), while the SCOFF demonstrated the highest specificity (94.4%). Feasibility was investigated through the identification of cases, team actions, professionals\u2019 perceptions, and barriers and facilitators to implementation. Despite the potential of several instruments, robust evidence on their validity, reliability, and applicability remains limited, particularly in low-and middle-income settings, among underrepresented and adolescent\u2019s populations. Structural and training barriers hinder the effective implementation of screening, highlighting the need for articulated actions between professionals, services, and public policies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0347184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T17:36:57Z","timestamp":1785778617000},"page":"e0347184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validated strategies for screening for eating disorders in primary health care: A scoping review with a focus on adolescents and adults"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5943-9251","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lisane da Silva","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5925-2200","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karine Lima","family":"Curvello-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3809-9037","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Priscila Ribas","family":"de Farias Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2262-6940","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Isabelle de Jesus Peneluc","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2728-0431","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patr\u00edcia Fortes Cavalcanti","family":"de Mac\u00eado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline Monteiro","family":"dos Santos Ruas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9188-235X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Renata Alves","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7266-1367","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlos Rodrigo Nascimento","family":"de Lira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5291-3779","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Evelyn Caldas","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"de Magalh\u00e3es Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2706-8238","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M\u00f4nica Leila Portela","family":"de Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0347184.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","edition":"5"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0347184.ref002","first-page":"489","article-title":"Consensus on the evaluation and nutritional treatment of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder and others. Executive summary","volume":"35","author":"C G\u00f3mez-Candela","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"issue":"10227","key":"pone.0347184.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30059-3","article-title":"Eating disorders","volume":"395","author":"J Treasure","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0347184.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00040-7","article-title":"The hidden burden of eating disorders: an extension of estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"8","author":"DF Santomauro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0347184.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy342","article-title":"Prevalence of eating disorders over the 2000-2018 period: a systematic literature review","volume":"109","author":"M Galmiche","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0347184.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-021-01162-z","article-title":"An update on the prevalence of eating disorders in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"J Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0347184.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.0121","article-title":"New US preventive services task force recommendations on screening for eating disorders","volume":"182","author":"JM Nagata","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0347184.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000739","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa","volume":"34","author":"AE van Eeden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0347184.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000449","article-title":"Epidemiology of binge eating disorder","volume":"31","author":"HE Erskine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0347184.ref010","first-page":"787","article-title":"Suicidal behavior and self-harm in girls with eating disorders","volume":"12","author":"J Koutek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0347184.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22377","article-title":"Follow-up mortality study of compulsorily treated patients with anorexia nervosa","volume":"48","author":"A Ward","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0347184.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X16666180118100028","article-title":"Premorbid and illness-related social difficulties in eating disorders: an overview of the literature and treatment developments","volume":"16","author":"V Cardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0347184.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-021-01249-7","article-title":"Correction to: early detection of eating disorders: a scoping review","volume":"27","author":"N Kalindjian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0347184.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.03.004","article-title":"Unmet need for treatment in the eating disorders: a systematic review of eating disorder specific treatment seeking among community cases","volume":"31","author":"LM Hart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0347184.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674211020102","article-title":"Understanding treatment delay: perceived barriers preventing treatment-seeking for eating disorders","volume":"56","author":"A Hamilton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0347184.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2745","article-title":"Duration of untreated eating disorder and relationship to outcomes: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"29","author":"A Austin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0347184.ref017","first-page":"833","article-title":"Early detection of eating disorders in general practice","volume":"46","author":"E Rowe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician"},{"key":"pone.0347184.ref018","volume-title":"Screening programmes: a short guide. 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