{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T10:19:34Z","timestamp":1777544374646,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Noakhali Science and Technology University Research Cell","award":["Not Applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not Applicable"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      species are ubiquitous aquatic bacteria and opportunistic pathogens associated with motile\n                      <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      septicemia (MAS) in freshwater fish. MAS is characterized by hemorrhagic lesions and septicemia and can cause severe economic losses in aquaculture. The increasing occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains has raised concerns for fish health, aquaculture sustainability, and public health.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to determine the prevalence, species distribution, virulence gene profiles, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of\n                      <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. isolated from farm-raised\n                      <jats:italic>Oreochromis niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Labeo rohita<\/jats:italic>\n                      collected from local markets in Noakhali, Bangladesh.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 22\n                      <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were obtained from intestinal samples and characterized using biochemical assays and PCR amplification of the\n                      <jats:italic>gyrB<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene. Species-level identification and phylogenetic relationships were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines, and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was calculated for each isolate. PCR-based screening of nine virulence-associated genes was performed to assess pathogenic potential.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Phylogenetic analysis identified five\n                      <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      species, with\n                      <jats:italic>A. veronii<\/jats:italic>\n                      as the predominant species. Several virulence genes, particularly\n                      <jats:italic>act<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>alt<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>ast<\/jats:italic>\n                      , were frequently detected among the isolates. High levels of antimicrobial resistance were observed against \u03b2-lactam antibiotics, and MAR index analysis indicated that many isolates were multidrug resistant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings highlight the presence of virulence gene and multidrug-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      in farm-raised fish in Bangladesh. Continuous surveillance and responsible antimicrobial use are essential to mitigate potential risks to aquaculture and public health.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0347577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:29:51Z","timestamp":1777397391000},"page":"e0347577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence, potential virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas spp. in farm-raised Oreochromis niloticus and Labeo rohita in Noakhali, Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0936-6653","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Noimul Hasan","family":"Siddiquee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imam","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1052-7522","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Popy","family":"Devnath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farzana","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahima","family":"Akter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mridul Gope","family":"Topu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3923-0612","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Israt Jahan","family":"Mitu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md Abdul","family":"Hannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md. 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