{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T01:50:59Z","timestamp":1794275459028,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017520","name":"Chengdu Medical College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Chengdu Medical Research Project (2024011)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Chengdu Medical Research Project (2024011)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the role of the gut-lung axis in respiratory infection under hypobaric hypoxia and the therapeutic potential of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rats were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (simulated 5000 m) for 14 days. Gut microbiota and serum short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing and GC-MS. Rats were then infected with\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and treated with FMT. Lung inflammation, NLRP3 inflammasome activity, cytokines, bacterial load, and secretory IgA (sIgA) were assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hypobaric hypoxia triggered gut dysbiosis, marked by reduced abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                      D and Lactobacillus, elevated\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroidota<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and decreased SCFA levels..FMT restored microbiota composition, increased acetic and butyric acid levels, and attenuated lung inflammation. FMT also enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation (NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1), elevated IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1 in BALF, reduced bacterial colonies, and increased airway sIgA in infected rats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FMT alleviates hypobaric hypoxia-aggravated respiratory infection by restoring gut microbiota, modulating SCFAs, and enhancing NLRP3-mediated mucosal immunity, highlighting the gut-lung axis as a therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0347857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:46:59Z","timestamp":1777398419000},"page":"e0347857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fecal microbiota transplantation 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