{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:41:32Z","timestamp":1790808092959,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"D.L. was funded through a CNRS-administered PhD fellowship, supported by KingTree Company"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) arises from a persistent imbalance between oxidative stress and immune homeostasis, driving tissue injury and chronic intestinal inflammation. Natural polyphenols are increasingly recognized as powerful modulators of redox and immune pathways, yet the bioactivity of complex, tannin-rich extracts remains largely overlooked. Among these, chestnut wood extract (CWE) particularly rich in highly soluble tannins, represents a valuable yet underexplored reservoir of bioactive molecules. This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical diversity of CWE and evaluate its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and epithelial-protective properties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Through a comparative screening of polyphenol-enriched plant extracts, chestnut wood extract (CWE) emerged as a standout candidate displaying potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Phytochemical profiling revealed 23 distinct phenolic constituents, including phenolic acids, gallotannins, ellagitannins (castalagin, vescalagin), roburins, and ellagic diglucosides, highlighting its high chemical diversity. Functionally, CWE strongly attenuated NF-\u03baB activation and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1) in human macrophages and Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. It also mitigated oxidative stress by reducing intracellular ROS and upregulating key antioxidant enzymes (SOD-1, GPX-1, catalase), while restoring mitochondrial membrane potential. Mechanistically, CWE enhanced PPAR\u03b3 expression and behaved as a selective PPAR\u03b3 modulator, synergizing with rosiglitazone and controlling IL-6 via both PPAR\u03b3-dependent and -independent pathways. Remarkably, CWE preserved intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and boosted Claudin-1 expression under inflammatory challenge. In vivo, CWE improved\n                      <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                      survival following\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection, supporting its protective capacity against oxidative and pathogenic challenges.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collectively, these findings unveil CWE as a chemically rich, biologically active plant extract with dual antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. By restoring redox balance, modulating PPAR\u03b3 signaling, and preserving epithelial integrity, CWE represents a promising natural candidate for mitigating intestinal inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0347987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:36:14Z","timestamp":1777484174000},"page":"e0347987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Turning off inflammation naturally via dual antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of chestnut wood extract through PPAR\u03b3 and NF-\u03baB pathways"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Dylan","family":"Lambert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathys","family":"Buisine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muriel","family":"Billamboz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2759-975X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samir","family":"Jawhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"31","key":"pone.0347987.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4851","DOI":"10.2174\/092986711797535263","article-title":"Polyphenol supplementation as a complementary medicinal approach to treating inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"18","author":"F Biasi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"38","key":"pone.0347987.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5191","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666171009100900","article-title":"Potential of Plant-sourced Phenols for Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"25","author":"H-T Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0347987.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.06.004","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immunity in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"13","author":"A Geremia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0347987.ref004","article-title":"Novel Pharmaceuticals and Therapeutics for Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha-Resistant Crohn\u2019s Disease: A Narrative Review","volume":"16","author":"B Smith","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0347987.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14050507","article-title":"Exploring the Gut Microbiome\u2019s Role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Insights and Interventions","volume":"14","author":"D Gyriki","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"10432","key":"pone.0347987.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02586-2","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"403","author":"M Dolinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0347987.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2023-001225","article-title":"Biological therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: cyclical rather than lifelong treatment?","volume":"11","author":"CP Selinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0347987.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11072078","article-title":"Current understanding of polyphenols to enhance bioavailability for better therapies","volume":"11","author":"M Aatif","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0347987.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2024.100219","article-title":"Diet, Food, and Nutritional Exposures and Inflammatory Bowel Disease or Progression of Disease: an Umbrella Review","volume":"15","author":"C Christensen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0347987.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.113329","article-title":"Why is it important to understand the nature and chemistry of tannins to exploit their potential as nutraceuticals?","volume":"173","author":"S Molino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0347987.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13874","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241813874","article-title":"Polyphenols in Plants: Structure, Biosynthesis, Abiotic Stress Regulation, and Practical Applications (Review)","volume":"24","author":"NV Zagoskina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0347987.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7518","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO02545H","article-title":"Urolithin B protects mice from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and intestinal inflammation by regulating gut microbiota composition","volume":"15","author":"P Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0347987.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12020238","article-title":"Wood Waste from Fruit Trees: Biomolecules and Their Applications in Agri-Food Industry","volume":"12","author":"MJ Aliano-Gonzalez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0347987.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28062536","article-title":"Possible Side Effects of Polyphenols and Their Interactions with Medicines","volume":"28","author":"A Duda-Chodak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0347987.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27113453","article-title":"Concentration dependence of anti- and pro-oxidant activity of polyphenols as evaluated with a light-emitting Fe(2)-Egta-H(2)O(2) system","volume":"27","author":"M Nowak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0347987.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12081570","article-title":"How do polyphenol-rich foods prevent oxidative stress and maintain gut health?","volume":"12","author":"S Jawhara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0347987.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16152550","article-title":"Polyphenols: Secondary Metabolites with a Biological Impression","volume":"16","author":"E Bolat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0347987.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9080669","article-title":"Interaction of Polyphenols as Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds in Brain-Liver-Gut Axis","volume":"9","author":"A Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0347987.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12173315","article-title":"Effects of fermentation on bioactivity and the composition of polyphenols contained in polyphenol-rich foods: a review","volume":"12","author":"F Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0347987.ref020","article-title":"Dietary polyphenols: review on chemistry\/sources, bioavailability\/metabolism, antioxidant effects, and their role in disease management","volume":"13","author":"M Rudrapal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0347987.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.4016","article-title":"Composition of European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and association with health effects: fresh and processed products","volume":"90","author":"MCBM De Vasconcelos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0347987.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10020195","article-title":"In Vitro Digestion of Chestnut and Quebracho Tannin Extracts: Antimicrobial Effect, Antioxidant Capacity and Cytomodulatory Activity in Swine Intestinal IPEC-J2 Cells","volume":"10","author":"S Reggi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0347987.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010137","article-title":"Polyphenols-Gut Microbiota Interrelationship: A Transition to a New Generation of Prebiotics","volume":"14","author":"D Plamada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0347987.ref024","article-title":"The role of dietary polyphenols in inflammatory bowel disease: A possible clue on the molecular mechanisms involved in the prevention of immune and inflammatory reactions","volume":"44","author":"VS Arya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Food Biochem"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0347987.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.14264","article-title":"Health benefits of polyphenols: A concise review","volume":"46","author":"A Rana","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Food Biochem"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0347987.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.4328","article-title":"In vivo antioxidant potential of Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) wood extract in young growing pigs exposed to n-3 PUFA-induced oxidative stress","volume":"91","author":"T Franki\u010d","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"key":"pone.0347987.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2016.02.008","article-title":"Biological activity of ellagitannins: Effects as anti-oxidants, pro-oxidants and metal chelators","volume":"125","author":"J Moilanen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"pone.0347987.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134546","article-title":"Appraisal of a new potential antioxidants-rich nutraceutical ingredient from chestnut shells through in-vivo assays - A targeted metabolomic approach in phenolic compounds","volume":"404","author":"D Pinto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0347987.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3951","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29163951","article-title":"Castanea sativa Mill. By-Products: Investigation of Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells","volume":"29","author":"C Pozzoli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0347987.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8364","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92635-z","article-title":"Cyclic N, O-acetals and corresponding opened N, N-aminals as new scaffolds with promising anti-inflammatory and antifungal activities against Candida albicans","volume":"15","author":"C Safi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0347987.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.3c00524","article-title":"Isolation of Hydrolyzable Tannins from Castanea sativa Using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography","volume":"87","author":"B M\u00e9toyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nat Prod"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0347987.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12111603","article-title":"Natural Compounds with Antifungal Properties against Candida albicans and Identification of Hinokitiol as a Promising Antifungal Drug","volume":"12","author":"L Camaioni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0347987.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8122039","article-title":"H89 Treatment Reduces Intestinal Inflammation and Candida albicans Overgrowth in Mice","volume":"8","author":"C Dumortier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0347987.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020321","article-title":"A Small Aromatic Compound Has Antifungal Properties and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects against Intestinal Inflammation","volume":"20","author":"C Bortolus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0347987.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12061043","article-title":"Antifungal Properties of Hydrazine-Based Compounds against Candida albicans","volume":"12","author":"L Camaioni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0347987.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11010072","article-title":"Two New Compounds Containing Pyridinone or Triazine Heterocycles Have Antifungal Properties against Candida albicans","volume":"11","author":"L Mena","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0347987.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26072090","article-title":"Gastroprotective Effects of Polyphenols against Various Gastro-Intestinal Disorders: A Mini-Review with Special Focus on Clinical Evidence","volume":"26","author":"H-F Chiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0347987.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10244","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810244","article-title":"Combination Therapy Using Polyphenols: An Efficient Way to Improve Antitumoral Activity and Reduce Resistance","volume":"23","author":"AF Vladu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0347987.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12040880","article-title":"Dietary Phenolic Compounds: Their Health Benefits and Association with the Gut Microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Y Matsumura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0347987.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.1.230S","article-title":"Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies","volume":"81","author":"C Manach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0347987.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917266","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.917266","article-title":"Recent Advances and Perspectives on the Health Benefits of Urolithin B, A Bioactive Natural Product Derived From Ellagitannins","volume":"13","author":"P Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0347987.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114519002733","article-title":"Polyphenols in human nutrition: from the in vitro antioxidant capacity to the beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health and related inter-individual variability - an overview and perspective","volume":"123","author":"T Ruskovska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0347987.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201500827","article-title":"Urolithin A attenuates ox-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction partly by modulating microRNA-27 and ERK\/PPAR-\u03b3 pathway","volume":"60","author":"Q-A Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"pone.0347987.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.06.025","article-title":"In vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of ellagic acid and its colonic metabolite, urolithins, on human bladder cancer T24 cells","volume":"59","author":"Z Qiu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0347987.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4187","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194187","article-title":"Transcriptomics Reveals the Mechanism of Rosa roxburghii Tratt Ellagitannin in Improving Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Disorder in db\/db Mice","volume":"15","author":"Y Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"pone.0347987.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113444","article-title":"Quercetin inhibits mitophagy-mediated apoptosis and inflammatory response by targeting the PPAR\u03b3\/PGC-1\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB axis to improve acute liver failure","volume":"143","author":"H Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0347987.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.05.053","article-title":"Effect of chestnut wood extract on performance, meat quality, antioxidant status, immune function, and cholesterol metabolism in broilers","volume":"99","author":"HS Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0347987.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12888","article-title":"The antioxidant properties of the chestnut bee pollen extract and its preventive action against oxidatively induced damage in DNA bases","volume":"43","author":"S \u015eahin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Food Biochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0347987.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11050988","article-title":"Bioactive Antioxidant Compounds from Chestnut Peels through Semi-Industrial Subcritical Water Extraction","volume":"11","author":"C Cravotto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0347987.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2017.09.004","article-title":"Potential and challenges of tannins as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for farm animal production","volume":"4","author":"Q Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0347987.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12111603","article-title":"Natural Compounds with Antifungal Properties against Candida albicans and Identification of Hinokitiol as a Promising Antifungal Drug","volume":"12","author":"L Camaioni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0347987.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5901","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-6904","article-title":"Effects of chestnut tannins on performance and antioxidative status of transition dairy cows","volume":"96","author":"HW Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0347987.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14948","article-title":"Efficacy of chestnut and quebracho wood extracts to control Salmonella in poultry","volume":"131","author":"NA Casanova","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0347987.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639868","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/639868","article-title":"Effect of the French oak wood extract Robuvit on markers of oxidative stress and activity of antioxidant enzymes in healthy volunteers: a pilot study","volume":"2014","author":"M Horvathova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"pone.0347987.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1080\/02773813.2021.1910712","article-title":"Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of flavonoids isolated from wood of sweet cherry tree (Prunus avium L.)","volume":"41","author":"J Ortega-Vidal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Wood Chemistry Technol"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0347987.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3318","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12173318","article-title":"Evaluation of a Standardized Extract Obtained from Cashew Apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) Bagasse in DSS-Induced Mouse Colitis","volume":"12","author":"GG da Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0347987.ref057","article-title":"Grape seed extract prevents oestrogen deficiency-induced bone loss by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites","volume":"17","author":"L Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb Biotechnol"},{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0347987.ref058","article-title":"Thyme extract alleviates high-fat diet-induced obesity and gut dysfunction","volume":"15","author":"YR Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0347987.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12190","article-title":"Urolithin B, a newly identified regulator of skeletal muscle mass","volume":"8","author":"J Rodriguez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0347987.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.186957","article-title":"Ocular inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress are attenuated by supplementation with grape polyphenols in human retinal pigmented epithelium cells and in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"144","author":"J-H Ha","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nutr"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0347987","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:36:22Z","timestamp":1777484182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0347987"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Rami Salim","family":"Najjar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0347987","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]}}}