{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T14:54:22Z","timestamp":1791125662843,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS-1942960"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS-1942960"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Localizing the source of a signal requires sophisticated neural mechanisms, and we are still uncovering the coding principles that support accurate spatial processing. Weakly electric fish can detect and localize distant conspecifics, but the way this spatial information is encoded is unclear. Here, we investigate the spatial representation of conspecific signals in the hindbrain to determine how the properties of the heterogeneous population of pyramidal cells affect the spatial coding accuracy of conspecific signals. We hypothesize that specific subsets of cells provide more accurate spatial information about conspecific location. We stimulated the fish with an artificial signal that replicates both the spatial and temporal structure of conspecific signals. We recorded from cells with various receptive field positions covering the entire body surface and analyzed the spike train with spike-train distance metrics to determine how accurately the location of the stimulus is encoded. We found that some pyramidal cells (such as ON-type and those within the deep layer) encode the spatial information more accurately, while other subgroups (OFF-type and superficial layer) provide less accurate information. Our results help us understand how conspecific location is represented across the heterogeneous population of cells and suggest that segregation of the spatial information stream begins early in the sensory pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0348018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T17:23:02Z","timestamp":1778606582000},"page":"e0348018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spatial coding of conspecifics in the electrosensory system: Early segregation of information streams"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Oak E.","family":"Milam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5454-049X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gary","family":"Marsat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0348018.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"065002","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3190\/11\/6\/065002","article-title":"Passive and active electroreception during agonistic encounters in the weakly electric fish Gymnotus omarorum","volume":"11","author":"F Pedraja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioinspir Biomim"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.35.1.156","article-title":"On the function and evolution of electric organs in fish","volume":"35","author":"HW Lissmann","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348018.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.08.013","article-title":"Neural maps in the electrosensory system of weakly electric fish","volume":"24","author":"R Krahe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0348018.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1037\/bne0000320","article-title":"Behavioral and neural aspects of the spatial processing of conspecifics signals in the electrosensory system","volume":"133","author":"OE Milam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref005","volume-title":"Principles of animal communication","author":"JW Bradbury","year":"2011","edition":"2"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0348018.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22124","article-title":"Receptive field organization across multiple electrosensory maps. I. Columnar organization and estimation of receptive field size","volume":"516","author":"L Maler","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00679013","article-title":"Labeling of electroreceptive afferents in a gymnotoid fish by intracellular injection of HRP - the mystery of multiple maps","volume":"148","author":"W Heiligenberg","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol A"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0348018.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4400","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-12-04400.1989","article-title":"Multiple electrosensory maps in the medulla of weakly electric gymnotiform fish. II. Anatomical differences","volume":"9","author":"CA Shumway","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0348018.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4388","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-12-04388.1989","article-title":"Multiple electrosensory maps in the medulla of weakly electric gymnotiform fish. I. Physiological differences","volume":"9","author":"CA Shumway","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0348018.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2006.18.7.1511","article-title":"Optimal neuronal tuning for finite stimulus spaces","volume":"18","author":"WM Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neural Comput"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22120","article-title":"Receptive field organization across multiple electrosensory maps. II. Computational analysis of the effects of receptive field size on prey localization","volume":"516","author":"L Maler","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref012","article-title":"Task-specific sensory coding strategies are matched to detection and discrimination performance","volume":"221","author":"KM Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)65009-7","article-title":"Neural strategies for optimal processing of sensory signals","volume":"165","author":"L Maler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348018.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.91366.2008","article-title":"Transient signals trigger synchronous bursts in an identified population of neurons","volume":"102","author":"G Marsat","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14798","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.26.14798","article-title":"A sensory brain map for each behavior","volume":"94","author":"W Metzner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348018.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90300.2008","article-title":"Temporal processing across multiple topographic maps in the electrosensory system","volume":"100","author":"R Krahe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1139\/z93-323","article-title":"Evoked chirping in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus \u2013 a quantitative biophysical analysis","volume":"71","author":"GKH Zupanc","year":"1993","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4196","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.076513","article-title":"Beyond the Jamming Avoidance Response: weakly electric fish respond to the envelope of social electrosensory signals","volume":"215","author":"SA Stamper","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0348018.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5456","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0350-18.2018","article-title":"Statistics of natural communication signals observed in the wild identify important yet neglected stimulus regimes in weakly Electric Fish","volume":"38","author":"J Henninger","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00618178","article-title":"Spatial aspects of the electric fields generated by weakly electric fish","volume":"99","author":"EI Knudsen","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol A"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0348018.ref021","article-title":"Coding conspecific identity and motion in the electric sense","volume":"8","author":"N Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"34","key":"pone.0348018.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13758","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0998-13.2013","article-title":"Statistics of the electrosensory input in the freely swimming weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus","volume":"33","author":"H Fotowat","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348018.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00811.2015","article-title":"Weak signal amplification and detection by higher-order sensory neurons","volume":"115","author":"SN Jung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043205","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevResearch.5.043205","article-title":"Efficient population coding of sensory stimuli","volume":"5","author":"S Shao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys Rev Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348018.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008897","article-title":"Efficient population coding depends on stimulus convergence and source of noise","volume":"17","author":"K R\u00f6th","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0348018.ref026","article-title":"A simple model of optimal population coding for sensory systems","volume":"10","author":"E Doi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348018.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.09.007","article-title":"Single neuron and population coding of natural sounds in auditory cortex","volume":"24","author":"A Mizrahi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"issue":"33","key":"pone.0348018.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13812","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1104506108","article-title":"Efficient transformation of an auditory population code in a small sensory system","volume":"108","author":"J Clemens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175629","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1175629","article-title":"Characterizing neural coding performance for populations of sensory neurons: comparing a weighted spike distance metrics to other analytical methods","volume":"17","author":"G Marsat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348018.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00982.2011","article-title":"Preparing for the unpredictable: adaptive feedback enhances the response to unexpected communication signals","volume":"107","author":"G Marsat","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348018.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0392-18.2019","article-title":"Neural Processing of Communication Signals: The Extent of Sender-Receiver Matching Varies across Species of Apteronotus","volume":"6","author":"KM Allen","year":"2019","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref032","first-page":"23","article-title":"Microelectrodes for recording and stimulation.","volume-title":"Physical techniques in biological research","author":"K Frank","year":"1964"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00604985","article-title":"The physiology and morphology of 2 types of electrosensory neurons in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus","volume":"154","author":"J Saunders","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348018.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-0618(91)90030-G","article-title":"An atlas of the brain of the electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus","volume":"4","author":"L Maler","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.013516","article-title":"Electrocommunication signals in free swimming brown ghost knifefish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus","volume":"211","author":"GJ Hup\u00e9","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0348018.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-008-0218-0","article-title":"Electric field interactions in pairs of electric fish: modeling and mimicking naturalistic inputs","volume":"98","author":"M Kelly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2012.07.001","article-title":"The neuroethology of electrocommunication: how signal background influences sensory encoding and behaviour in Apteronotus leptorhynchus","volume":"107","author":"H Walz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Physiol Paris"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref038","article-title":"Electric field maps and boundary element simulations of electrolocation in weakly electric fish","author":"C Assad","year":"1997","journal-title":"Caltech"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00193976","article-title":"The electric organ discharges of the gymnotiform fishes: I. Apteronotus leptorhynchus","volume":"178","author":"B Rasnow","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol A"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramachandra KL, Milam OE, Pedraja F, Cornett JD, Marsat G. Detection and localization of conspecifics in ghost knifefish are influenced by the relationship between the spatial organization of receptors and signals. bioRxiv. 2025; 2023;7(20):549925. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.07.20.549925","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.07.20.549925"},{"issue":"21","key":"pone.0348018.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9475","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-21-09475.2002","article-title":"Response of neurons in the lateral intraparietal area during a combined visual discrimination reaction time task","volume":"22","author":"JD Roitman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"29","key":"pone.0348018.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10063","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5948-11.2012","article-title":"Neural correlates of prior expectations of motion in the lateral intraparietal and middle temporal areas","volume":"32","author":"V Rao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348018.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.4.1916","article-title":"Neural basis of a perceptual decision in the parietal cortex (area LIP) of the rhesus monkey","volume":"86","author":"MN Shadlen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348018.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1969.32.4.613","article-title":"Response of binaural neurons of dog superior olivary complex to dichotic tonal stimuli: some physiological mechanisms of sound localization","volume":"32","author":"JM Goldberg","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348018.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00111.2004","article-title":"Differential temporal coding of rhythmically diverse acoustic signals by a single interneuron","volume":"92","author":"G Marsat","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22120","article-title":"Receptive field organization across multiple electrosensory maps. II. Computational analysis of the effects of receptive field size on prey localization.","volume":"516","author":"L Maler","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348018.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00603796","article-title":"Gain control in the electrosensory system: a role for the descending projections to the electrosensory lateral line lobe","volume":"158","author":"J Bastian","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol A"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0348018.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4577","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-11-04577.2002","article-title":"Receptive field organization determines pyramidal cell stimulus-encoding capability and spatial stimulus selectivity","volume":"22","author":"J Bastian","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348018.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902110204","article-title":"Peripheral organization and central projections of the electrosensory nerves in gymnotiform fish","volume":"211","author":"CE Carr","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0348018.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00256.2010","article-title":"Neural heterogeneity and efficient population codes for communication signals","volume":"104","author":"G Marsat","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1162\/089976601300014321","article-title":"A novel spike distance","volume":"13","author":"van Rossum MCW","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neural Comput"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.202.10.1243","article-title":"Neural architecture of the electrosensory lateral line lobe: adaptations for coincidence detection, a sensory searchlight and frequency-dependent adaptive filtering","volume":"202","author":"N Berman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0348018.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00588.2011","article-title":"Sparse and dense coding of natural stimuli by distinct midbrain neuron subpopulations in weakly electric fish","volume":"106","author":"K Vonderschen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348018.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902030406","article-title":"Laminar organization of the afferent and efferent systems of the torus semicircularis of gymnotiform fish: morphological substrates for parallel processing in the electrosensory system","volume":"203","author":"CE Carr","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)81693-9","article-title":"Neurons of the posterior subdivision of the nucleus preopticus periventricularis project to the preglomerular nucleus in the weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus","volume":"774","author":"GK Zupanc","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348018.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00149-8","article-title":"Reciprocal connections between the preglomerular nucleus and the central posterior\/prepacemaker nucleus in the diencephalon of weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus","volume":"80","author":"GK Zupanc","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0348018.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3369","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23108","article-title":"Organization of the gymnotiform fish pallium in relation to learning and memory: III. Intrinsic connections","volume":"520","author":"ACC Giassi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348018.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.85.1.10","article-title":"Dendritic modulation of burst-like firing in sensory neurons","volume":"85","author":"J Bastian","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"30","key":"pone.0348018.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11028","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0193-11.2011","article-title":"Frequency-tuned cerebellar channels and burst-induced LTD lead to the cancellation of redundant sensory inputs","volume":"31","author":"K Bol","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348018.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s10827-017-0670-8","article-title":"Variable synaptic strengths controls the firing rate distribution in feedforward neural networks","volume":"44","author":"C Ly","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Comput Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0348018.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3173","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.80.6.3173","article-title":"Inhibition evoked from primary afferents in the electrosensory lateral line lobe of the weakly electric fish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus)","volume":"80","author":"NJ Berman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348018.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.81.2.552","article-title":"Midbrain combinatorial code for temporal and spectral information in concurrent acoustic signals","volume":"81","author":"DA Bodnar","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0348018.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10097","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1812171116","article-title":"Differentially synchronized spiking enables multiplexed neural coding","volume":"116","author":"M Lankarany","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.47027","article-title":"Population rate-coding predicts correctly that human sound localization depends on sound intensity","volume":"8","author":"A Ihlefeld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"6960","key":"pone.0348018.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02058","article-title":"Independent rate and temporal coding in hippocampal pyramidal cells","volume":"425","author":"J Huxter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348018.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1296","article-title":"Burst firing in sensory systems","volume":"5","author":"R Krahe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348018.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00987.2006","article-title":"Interval coding. I. Burst interspike intervals as indicators of stimulus intensity","volume":"97","author":"A-MM Oswald","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0348018.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.03.068","article-title":"Feedback Synthesizes Neural Codes for Motion","volume":"27","author":"SE Clarke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348018.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.06.006","article-title":"Internally generated predictions enhance neural and behavioral detection of sensory stimuli in an electric fish","volume":"99","author":"AG Enikolopov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"pone.0348018.ref070","first-page":"1024","article-title":"Task related sensorimotor adjustments increase the sensory range in electrolocation","author":"F Pedraja","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0348018.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.06.076","article-title":"Bats Actively Use Leaves as Specular Reflectors to Detect Acoustically Camouflaged Prey","volume":"29","author":"I Geipel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0348018.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015141","article-title":"Hyperacute directional hearing and phonotactic steering in the cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus deGeer)","volume":"5","author":"S Sch\u00f6neich","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0348018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T17:23:13Z","timestamp":1778606593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0348018"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Stephen D.","family":"Ginsberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0348018","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]}}}