{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:26:22Z","timestamp":1791404782958,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Integrating clinical programs and services is a cost-effective approach that can improve health and system outcomes. This review aimed to provide an overview of the benefits and challenges of integrated programs for HIV, hepatitis B and C, and STI services worldwide and provide recommendations for research and practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. We searched electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until May 2025 to extract relevant studies. Additionally, we reviewed reputable grey literature sources, such as WHO and UNAIDS, and references from included publications for further relevant articles. Studies that had eligible criteria were included. We applied a narrative approach to report the findings through an inductive approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 19,516 initially identified studies, 118 were selected. The benefits and challenges of integration were classified into six categories: integrated service delivery, medical information and technology, human resources, health outcomes, collaboration and partnerships, and financial\/physical resources. The significant benefits of these classifications include improved health outcomes, cost-effectiveness, enhanced efficiency, prevention of transmission, use of comprehensive care, reduction of time for receiving necessary services, increased knowledge and awareness, and improved cooperation. However, integration has some challenges, including the need for sufficient infrastructure, budget, human resources, and the potential for increased stress and work pressure on employees.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prioritizing health is key to national development, requiring policies and resources for cost-effective patient and community benefits. This scoping review highlights the feasibility and advantages of integrating services for HIV, hepatitis B and C, and STIs. Our findings strongly support policymakers in prioritizing the planning and implementation of these integrated programs. An evidence-informed integration framework is needed to guide these actions effectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0348073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T17:32:51Z","timestamp":1778175171000},"page":"e0348073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Integration of HIV, Hepatitis B, and C, and sexually transmitted infections services: A scoping review of the benefits and challenges"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Parya","family":"Jangipour Afshar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"Yazdi-Feyzabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Abdolahinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4628-4849","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"AliAkbar","family":"Haghdoost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6672-3859","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaason M.","family":"Geerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Goudarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katayoun","family":"Tayeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Eshrati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9008-7618","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hamid","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0348073.ref001","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref002","article-title":"HIV, HBV, HCV and STIs: similarities and differences","volume-title":"HIV, viral hepatitis and STIs","author":"J Sasadeusz","year":"2008"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref003","author":"UNAIDS"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref004","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref005","author":"World Health Organization"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.05.001","article-title":"Hepatitis viruses and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection: pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"41","author":"A Vallet-Pichard","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref007","first-page":"25","article-title":"Viral hepatitis and HIV in Africa","volume":"9","author":"AA Modi","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"issue":"9772","key":"pone.0348073.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62001-6","article-title":"Increasing burden of liver disease in patients with HIV infection","volume":"377","author":"D Joshi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348073.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl.13.11","article-title":"Viral hepatitis in resource-limited countries and access to antiviral therapies: current and future challenges","volume":"8","author":"M Lemoine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348073.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz037","article-title":"Integrated approach for triple elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis is highly effective and cost-effective: an economic evaluation","volume":"48","author":"L Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.14.139626","article-title":"Integrated prevention of mother-to-child transmission for human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis and hepatitis B virus in China","volume":"93","author":"A-L Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1055329003255581","article-title":"A model for integrating hepatitis C services into an HIV\/AIDS program","volume":"14","author":"S Stringari-Murray","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23259582211024771","DOI":"10.1177\/23259582211024771","article-title":"Hepatitis C Treatment Outcomes in Persons With HIV and Decompensated Cirrhosis Using a Collaborative Multidisciplinary HIV-Centered Approach","volume":"20","author":"ER Cachay","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348073.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839912447189","article-title":"Community-based HIV and STI prevention in women working in indoor sex markets","volume":"14","author":"V Bungay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Promot Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348073.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2005.19.78","article-title":"Integrating hepatitis C services into existing HIV services: the experiences of a sample of U.S. drug treatment units","volume":"19","author":"SM Strauss","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348073.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-9987.12396","article-title":"Double Filtration Plasmapheresis in Treatment of Patients With Co-Infection of Hepatitis C and Human Immunodeficiency Virus","volume":"20","author":"RV Mednikov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther Apher Dial"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref017","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348073.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czp055","article-title":"Integration of targeted health interventions into health systems: a conceptual framework for analysis","volume":"25","author":"R Atun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref019","author":"R Europe","year":"2012"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0348073.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"H Arksey","year":"2005","journal-title":"International J Social Res Methodol"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549071220S218","article-title":"Advancing integration of HIV, STD, and viral hepatitis services: state perspectives","author":"P Whiticar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"29","key":"pone.0348073.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100930","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.29.2100930","article-title":"Integrated use of laboratory services for multiple infectious diseases in the WHO European Region during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond","volume":"27","author":"D Sim\u00f5es","year":"2022","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354920904084","article-title":"Leveraging health department capacities, partnerships, and health insurance for infectious disease response in Massachusetts, 2014-2018","volume":"135","author":"HD Fukuda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref025","first-page":"528904","article-title":"Successful Integration of Hepatitis C Virus Point-of-Care Tests into the Denver Metro Health Clinic","volume":"2013","author":"A Jewett","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Res Treat"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0348073.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25209","article-title":"Usefulness of simultaneous screening for HIV-specific and HCV-specific antibodies and HBsAg by a capillary-based multiplex rapid diagnostic test to strengthen linkage-to-care in sub-Saharan patients attending sexually transmitted infection clinic","volume":"90","author":"JDD Longo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0348073.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002480","article-title":"Healthcare provider perspectives on managing sexually transmitted infections in HIV care settings in Kenya: A qualitative thematic analysis","volume":"14","author":"K Chesang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0348073.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13135","article-title":"2014 French guidelines for hepatitis B and C screening: a combined targeted and mass testing strategy of chronic viruses namely HBV, HCV and HIV","volume":"36","author":"J Bottero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-10554-w","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators of integrated hepatitis B, C, and HIV screening among pregnant mothers and newborns attending maternal and newborn clinics in Koboko District, Uganda: a qualitative inquiry of providers\u2019 perspective","volume":"25","author":"JB Alege","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348073.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462420953722","article-title":"Feasibility, benefits, and cost-effectiveness of adding universal hepatitis B and syphilis testing to routine antenatal care services in Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam","volume":"32","author":"VTT Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08924-0","article-title":"Feasibility and acceptability of integrating hepatitis B care into routine HIV services: a qualitative study among health care providers and patients in West Nile region, Uganda","volume":"23","author":"JN Mutyoba","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549071220S203","article-title":"Integrating Viral Hepatitis Prevention Services into an Urban STD Clinic: Denver, Colorado","volume":"122","author":"J Subiadur","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549141291S102","article-title":"Screening for Hepatitis C as a Prevention Enhancement (SHAPE) for HIV: an integration pilot initiative in a Massachusetts County correctional facility","author":"N Cocoros","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348073.ref034","article-title":"Integrating hepatitis C testing and treatment into routine HIV care in Cameroon is feasible","volume":"28","author":"MP Kowo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-024-08279-3","article-title":"A mixed methods process evaluation: understanding the implementation and delivery of HIV prevention services integrated within sexual reproductive health (SRH) with or without peer support amongst adolescents and young adults in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","volume":"25","author":"T Zuma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0348073.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001296","article-title":"Barriers, Facilitators, and Cost of Integrating HIV-Related Activities Into Sexually Transmitted Disease Partner Services in Jackson, Mississippi","volume":"48","author":"P Digre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348073.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490612100212","article-title":"Integrating routine HIV testing into a public health STD clinic","volume":"121","author":"D Campos-Outcalt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0348073.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000003","article-title":"Program collaboration and service integration: implementation successes and challenges","volume":"40","author":"KA Fenton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0348073.ref039","first-page":"17","article-title":"Integrating hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV screening into tuberculosis entry screening for migrants in the Netherlands, 2013 to 2015","volume":"23","author":"JP Bil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100315","article-title":"Integrated screening of migrants for multiple infectious diseases: Qualitative study of a city-wide programme","volume":"21","author":"H Eborall","year":"2020","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0348073.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000258306.20287.a7","article-title":"Hepatitis B vaccination of men who have sex with men attending an urban STD clinic: impact of an ongoing vaccination program, 1998\u20132003","volume":"34","author":"RA Gunn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref042","article-title":"Universal Screening for HIV and Hepatitis C Infection: A Community-Based Pilot Project","volume":"55","author":"M-C Kempf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05658-4","article-title":"Pilot implementation of a home-care programme with chlamydia, gonorrhoea, hepatitis B, and syphilis self-sampling in HIV-positive men who have sex with men","volume":"20","author":"J Leenen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348073.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.1221","article-title":"Community-based and HIV integrated testing for hepatitis B and C among key populations in Vietnam","volume":"19","author":"BN Vu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0348073.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000003569","article-title":"Acceptability of Multilevel Sexual Health Interventions and Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening and Testing Among Persons With HIV Across Three Clinical Sites in Florida","volume":"98","author":"P Manavalan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref046","volume-title":"Program collaboration and service integration in the prevention and control of HIV infection, viral hepatitis, STDs, and tuberculosis in the US: lessons learned from the field","author":"KA Fenton","year":"2014"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-1118","article-title":"Improving sexual health for HIV patients by providing a combination of integrated public health and hospital care services; a one-group pre- and post test intervention comparison","volume":"12","author":"NH Dukers-Muijrers","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref048","article-title":"Integrating treatment for hepatitis C virus infection into an HIV clinic","author":"KA Clanon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0348073.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256164","article-title":"Hepatitis C continuum of care: Experience of integrative hepatitis C treatment within a human immunodeficiency virus clinic in Indonesia","volume":"16","author":"E Yunihastuti","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2019-sti.82","volume-title":"Bridging the gap\u2013best practice global examples of integration of HIV and STI services","author":"J Wilson","year":"2019"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0348073.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000042","article-title":"Integration of preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis testing and treatment in antenatal care services in the Northern Cape and Gauteng provinces, South Africa","volume":"40","author":"T-H Dinh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref052","first-page":"9","article-title":"A Protocol for Diagnosis, Care and Treatment of HIV, Hepatitis C and Tuberculosis in Residential Centers of Tehran, Iran","volume":"3","author":"S SeyedAlinaghi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Iranian Medical Council"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz361","article-title":"Implementing a comprehensive hepatitis C virus (HCV) clinic within a human immunodeficiency virus clinic: a model of care for HCV microelimination","volume-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","author":"C Rizk","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129881","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2023.1129881","article-title":"Editorial: Integration of HIV prevention with sexual and reproductive health services","volume":"5","author":"T Palanee-Phillips","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Reprod Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490411900108","article-title":"The Massachusetts HIV, hepatitis, addiction services integration (HHASI) experience: responding to the comprehensive needs of individuals with co-occurring risks and conditions","volume":"119","author":"HL Hoffman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348073.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13241","article-title":"Nurse case management to improve the hepatitis C care continuum in HIV co-infection: Results of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"LE Starbird","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref057","article-title":"Responding to the burden of STD, HIV, and viral hepatitis in correctional populations through program collaboration and integration","author":"JM Chow","year":"2009","journal-title":"LWW"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3567-x","article-title":"Laboratory evaluation of four HIV\/syphilis rapid diagnostic tests","volume":"19","author":"A Van Den Heuvel","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549071220S206","article-title":"Does integrating viral hepatitis services into a public STD clinic attract injection drug users for care?","volume":"122","author":"RR Hennessy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348073.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000003677","article-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Integrated With HIV Prevention and Contraceptive Services in Hair Salons in Urban South Africa","volume":"99","author":"J Jarolimova","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0348073.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16486","article-title":"Integrated care van delivery of evidence-based services for people who inject drugs: A cluster-randomized trial","volume":"119","author":"KR Page","year":"2024","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0348073.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000002","article-title":"Enhancing HIV\/AIDS, viral hepatitis, sexually transmitted disease, and tuberculosis prevention in the United States through program collaboration and service integration: the case for broader implementation","volume":"40","author":"RJ Steiner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348073.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2013.0023","article-title":"Integration of Screening for Syphilis, Hepatitis C, and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections with HIV Testing in a Community-Based HIV Prevention Program in Miami, Florida","volume":"1","author":"T Moss","year":"2014","journal-title":"LGBT Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0348073.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2013.09.017","article-title":"Integrating clinical decision support to increase HIV and chlamydia screening","volume":"57","author":"S Rudd","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06492-y","article-title":"National multi-stakeholder meetings: a tool to support development of integrated policies and practices for testing and prevention of HIV, viral hepatitis, TB and STIs","volume":"21","author":"D Sim\u00f5es","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549161310S106","article-title":"Dual-Routine HCV\/HIV Testing: Seroprevalence and Linkage to Care in Four Community Health Centers in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","volume":"131","author":"C Coyle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0348073.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001492","article-title":"Integrating Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing and Treatment With Routine HIV Care in Gaborone, Botswana","volume":"48","author":"T Carveth-Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06537-2","article-title":"Increased integrated testing for HIV, hepatitis C and sexually transmitted infections in health care facilities: results from the INTEGRATE Joint Action pilots in Lithuania, Romania and Spain","volume":"21","author":"R Matulionyt\u0117","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goswami ND, Hecker EJ, Vickery C, Ahearn MA, Cox GM, Holland DP. Geographic information system-based screening for TB, HIV, and syphilis (GIS-THIS): a cross-sectional study. 2012.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046029"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348073.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv162","article-title":"Simultaneous Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B-Hepatitis C Point-of-Care Tests Improve Outcomes in Linkage-to-Care: Results of a Randomized Control Trial in Persons Without Healthcare Coverage","volume":"2","author":"J Bottero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490411900103","article-title":"Enhancing HIV\/AIDS and STD prevention through program integration","volume":"119","author":"J Jourden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549071220S213","article-title":"HCV and HIV counseling and testing integration in California: an innovative approach to increase HIV counseling and testing rates","author":"TJ Stopka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348073.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13413","article-title":"Hepatitis C and HIV combined screening in primary care: A cluster randomized trial","volume":"28","author":"J Mart\u00ednez-Sanz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0348073.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15390","article-title":"Optimization strategies for HIV, hepatitis and syphilis testing in Infectious Disease Clinic and Dermatology Unit of Modena: 7-year results of collaboration experience","volume":"33","author":"VD Mandel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0348073.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008055","article-title":"Integrated community-based sexual health services for young people in urban areas: are we meeting the needs of the local community?","volume":"19","author":"KM Forbes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051184.1217","article-title":"P6.064\u2005Integrating Simultaneous Triple Point-Of-Care Screening for Syphilis, Hepatitis B and HIV in Antenatal Services Through Rural Outreach Teams in Guatemala","volume":"89","author":"A Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0348073.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3935","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19073935","article-title":"Improving Access to Sexual Health Services in General Practice Using a Hub-and-Spoke Model: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation","volume":"19","author":"JJ Ong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0348073.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0288971","article-title":"Youth and healthcare workers\u2019 perspectives on the feasibility and acceptability of self-testing for HIV, Hepatitis and Syphilis among young people: Qualitative findings from a pilot study in Gaborone, Botswana","volume":"18","author":"K Nambusi","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.09.022","article-title":"Integrating HCV testing with HIV programs improves hepatitis C outcomes in people who inject drugs: A cluster-randomized trial","volume":"72","author":"SS Solomon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0348073.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2018.8.37827","article-title":"Bundled HIV and Hepatitis C Testing in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"19","author":"E Cowan","year":"2018","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0348073.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31821d3694","article-title":"A twin response to twin epidemics: integrated HIV\/syphilis testing at STI clinics in South China","volume":"57","author":"JD Tucker","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0348073.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(24)00119-X","article-title":"Effectiveness of integrating HIV prevention within sexual reproductive health services with or without peer support among adolescents and young adults in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (Isisekelo Sempilo): 2\u2008\u00d7\u20082 factorial, open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"M Shahmanesh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.12.029","article-title":"Evaluation of an emergency department opt-out provider-driven HIV and syphilis screening and linkage-to-care program","volume":"77","author":"K Scott","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref084","article-title":"Should human immunodeficiency virus testing be replaced with combined blood-borne virus testing?","author":"C Orkin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0348073.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy069","article-title":"Usefulness of simultaneous screening for HIV- and hepatitis C-specific antibodies and hepatitis B surface antigen by capillary-based multiplex immunochromatographic rapid test to strengthen prevention strategies and linkage to care in childbearing-aged women living in resource-limited settings","volume":"5","author":"RS Mboumba Bouassa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0348073.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czaf006","article-title":"Delivering integrated and standardized services to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of sexually transmitted infections: experience of the E-Clinic model in a Chinese pilot district","volume":"40","author":"Y Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref087","first-page":"297","article-title":"A training for health care workers to integrate hepatitis B care and treatment into routine HIV care in a high HBV burden, poorly resourced region of Uganda: the \u20182for1\u2019project. BMC","volume":"22","author":"J Nankya-Mutyoba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medical Education"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-717","article-title":"An integrated individual, community, and structural intervention to reduce HIV\/STI risks among female sex workers in China","volume":"13","author":"D Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0348073.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12844","article-title":"A call to action toward integrated testing and earlier care for viral hepatitis, HIV, STIs and TB","volume":"21","author":"D Raben","year":"2020","journal-title":"HIV Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0348073.ref090","article-title":"Challenges to integrating programs for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B into antenatal care: Experiences from Indonesia","volume":"4","author":"LPL Wulandari","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549091240S202","article-title":"Toward Integration of STD, HIV, TB, and Viral Hepatitis Surveillance","author":"H Weinstock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549071220S204","article-title":"Integrating viral hepatitis prevention into STD clinics in Illinois (excluding Chicago), 1999\u20132005","volume":"122","author":"R Zimmerman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref093","unstructured":"Avoundjian T, Stewart J, Peyton D, Lewis C, Khosropour CM. Integrating HIV testing into syphilis partner services in Mississippi to improve HIV case finding. 2018."},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-10-58","article-title":"Integrated syphilis\/HIV screening in China: a qualitative analysis","volume":"10","author":"JD Tucker","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-015-0760-0","article-title":"Obstacles to the coordination of delivering integrated prenatal HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B testing services in Guangdong: using a needs assessment approach","volume":"15","author":"J Xia","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2005.19.40","article-title":"STD and HIV counseling practices of British Columbia primary care physicians","volume":"19","author":"L Hansen","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0348073.ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000154503.41684.5d","article-title":"Integrating hepatitis B prevention into sexually transmitted disease services: U.S. sexually transmitted disease program and clinic trends--1997 and 2001","volume":"32","author":"LK Gilbert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549141291S106","article-title":"Program collaboration and service integration activities among HIV programs in 59 U.S. health departments","author":"LF Fitz Harris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0348073.ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-012-0491-1","article-title":"An HIV-STI risk reduction program among undergraduate students at a northern Nigerian university: a randomized controlled field trial","volume":"20","author":"A Saad","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348073.ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12114","article-title":"Pilot testing an internet-based STI and HIV prevention intervention with Chilean women","volume":"47","author":"N Villegas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0348073.ref101","first-page":"15","article-title":"HIV prevention and family planning: integration improves client services in Jamaica","volume":"2","author":"P Scott","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aidscaptions"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0348073.ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(22)00297-1","article-title":"HIV PrEP and viral hepatitis: a unique opportunity for integration","volume":"9","author":"R Schaefer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref103","article-title":"Integrating care for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and primary care for HIV for injection drug users coinfected with HIV and HCV","author":"TF Kresina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549071220S202","article-title":"Texas statewide hepatitis C counseling and testing, 2000\u20132005","volume":"122","author":"G Heseltine","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/53000","article-title":"Clinical Decision Support System for Guidelines-Based Treatment of Gonococcal Infections, Screening for HIV, and Prescription of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Design and Implementation Study","volume":"8","author":"S Karki","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348073.ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000085","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of integrated routine offering of prenatal HIV and syphilis screening in China","volume":"41","author":"Jr Owusu-Edusei K","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0348073.ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282585","article-title":"The feasibility and acceptability of integrating hepatitis C and HIV diagnostic testing on centralized molecular laboratory platforms in Myanmar","volume":"18","author":"TS Naing","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0348073.ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001632","article-title":"Cost-Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Testing and Vaccination of Adults Seeking Care for Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":"49","author":"DW Hutton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0348073.ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12372","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of treating triple coinfection with HIV, tuberculosis and hepatitis C virus","volume":"17","author":"G S\u00e1nchez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2016","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0348073.ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058722","article-title":"Integrating hepatitis B care and treatment with existing HIV services is possible: cost of integrated HIV and hepatitis B treatment in a low-resource setting: a cross-sectional hospital-based cost-minimisation assessment","volume":"12","author":"DL Ejalu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2024.100524","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of integrated maternal HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B screening opt-out strategies in Nepal: a modelling study","volume":"32","author":"L Sabin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref112","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of integrating simplified HCV testing into HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and treatment services among men who have sex with men in Taiwan","volume":"48","author":"H-J Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Lancet Regional Health\u2013Western Pacific"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0348073.ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003006","article-title":"Factors influencing the implementation of integrated screening for HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B for pregnant women in Nepal: A qualitative study","volume":"4","author":"L Sabin","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549071220S220","article-title":"CDC and progress toward integration of HIV, STD, and viral hepatitis prevention","author":"JW Ward","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0348073.ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001952","article-title":"STD Partner Services to Monitor and Promote HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men","volume":"80","author":"DA Katz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref116","article-title":"Integration of HIV testing with tuberculosis and sexually transmitted infections at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi","author":"T Bharara","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Publishing Group Ltd"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0348073.ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040183","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of rapid syphilis screening in prenatal HIV testing programs in Haiti","volume":"4","author":"BR Schackman","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06085-3","article-title":"M2HepPrEP: study protocol for a multi-site multi-setting randomized controlled trial of integrated HIV prevention and HCV care for PWID","volume":"23","author":"V Martel-Laferri\u00e8re","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-001-0373-0","article-title":"Synergistic effects of STI Control and HIV prevention Presented at the International Congress of Sexually Transmitted Infections (ISSTDR\/IUSTI) 2001, Berlin: Presented at the International Congress of Sexually Transmitted Infections (ISSTDR\/IUSTI) 2001, Berlin","author":"Y Lafort","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0348073.ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200103000-00008","article-title":"Screening for chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections in an urban sexually transmitted disease clinic: rationale for integrating services","volume":"28","author":"RA Gunn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2005.03.010","article-title":"Integrating hepatitis, STD, and HIV services into a drug rehabilitation program","volume":"29","author":"RA Gunn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0348073.ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis466","article-title":"The effect of a structural intervention for syphilis control among 3597 female sex workers: a demonstration study in South China","volume":"206","author":"B Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20088","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.18.1.20088","article-title":"HIV prevention and care services for female sex workers: efficacy of a targeted community-based intervention in Burkina Faso","volume":"18","author":"IT Traore","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.08.007","article-title":"Improving STD service delivery: Would American patients and providers use self-tests for gonorrhea and chlamydia?","volume":"115","author":"WS Pearson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0348073.ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200202150-00019","article-title":"Decline in the prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases among female sex workers in Cotonou, Benin, 1993\u20131999","volume":"16","author":"M Alary","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref126","first-page":"20499361241306181","article-title":"Sexual wellness clinic collaborative initiative with a large urban emergency department: sexual health outcomes and linkage to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis","volume":"11","author":"R Massey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4491-4-16","article-title":"Can biomedical and traditional health care providers work together? Zambian practitioners\u2019 experiences and attitudes towards collaboration in relation to STIs and HIV\/AIDS care: a cross-sectional study","volume":"4","author":"BB Kaboru","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348073.ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000748","article-title":"Integrated Hepatitis C Testing and Linkage to Care at a Local Health Department Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic: Determining Essential Resources and Evaluating Outcomes","volume":"45","author":"S Rhea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348073.ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001262","article-title":"Addressing Barriers to On-site HIV and HCV Testing Services in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Programs in the United States: Findings From a National Multisite Qualitative Study","volume":"27","author":"CN Behrends","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Public Health Manag Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13405","article-title":"Treatment outcomes and costs of a simplified antiviral treatment strategy for hepatitis C among monoinfected and HIV and\/or hepatitis B virus-co-infected patients in Myanmar","volume":"28","author":"Y Min Thaung","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549071220S208","article-title":"Hepatitis B vaccination in six STD clinics in the United States committed to integrating viral hepatitis prevention services","author":"JL Harris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348073.ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13220","article-title":"Using the barriers and facilitators to linkage to HIV care to inform hepatitis C virus (HCV) linkage to care strategies for people released from prison: Findings from a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"M Yanes-Lane","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11399-z","article-title":"Thetha Nami: participatory development of a peer-navigator intervention to deliver biosocial HIV prevention for adolescents and youth in rural South Africa","volume":"21","author":"M Shahmanesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-004574","article-title":"Effect of peer-distributed HIV self-test kits on demand for biomedical HIV prevention in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a three-armed cluster-randomised trial comparing social networks versus direct delivery","volume":"6","author":"M Shahmanesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11933-w","article-title":"Facilitators and barriers of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use among four key populations in Iran","volume":"24","author":"H Moameri","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0348073.ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817001947","article-title":"Current prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection in the general population, blood donors and pregnant women in the EU\/EEA: a systematic review","volume":"145","author":"SHI Hofstraat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref137","unstructured":"Advice ES. Systematic review on hepatitis B and C prevalence in the EU\/EEA. 2016."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348073.ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805004991","article-title":"Prisoners favour hepatitis C testing and treatment","volume":"134","author":"S Vallabhaneni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"48","key":"pone.0348073.ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30417","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.48.30417","article-title":"Estimating HIV incidence and number of undiagnosed individuals living with HIV in the European Union\/European Economic Area, 2015","volume":"21","author":"A Pharris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref140","first-page":"430585","article-title":"Syphilis infection during pregnancy: fetal risks and clinical management","volume":"2012","author":"M De Santis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21585","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.20.1.21585","article-title":"Integrating HIV and substance use services: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"V Haldane","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-023-00766-1","article-title":"The effect of different types of migration on symptoms of anxiety or depression and experience of violence among people who use or inject drugs in Kachin State, Myanmar","volume":"20","author":"KWY Kyaw","year":"2023","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0348073.ref143","article-title":"Improving access to integrated community-based HIV, HCV and harm reduction services for people who inject drugs in Putao district, North Myanmar","volume":"27","author":"N Tun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0348073.ref144","article-title":"Syphilis self-testing and implications for syphilis control and prevention","volume":"63","author":"ALR Batac","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348073.ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.4102\/ajlm.v9i2.1103","article-title":"Preparing national tiered laboratory systems and networks to advance diagnostics in Africa and meet the continent\u2019s health agenda: Insights into priority areas for improvement","volume":"9","author":"P Ondoa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Afr J Lab Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0348073.ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2009.0086","article-title":"Health system and personal barriers resulting in decreased utilization of HIV and STD testing services among at-risk black men who have sex with men in Massachusetts","volume":"23","author":"MJ Mimiaga","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"pone.0348073.ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100603","article-title":"The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tuberculosis epidemic a modelling analysis","volume":"28","author":"L Cilloni","year":"2020","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0348073.ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3395","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2174-6","article-title":"Addressing Stigma Through a Virtual Community for People Living with HIV: A Mixed Methods Study of the PositiveLinks Mobile Health Intervention","volume":"22","author":"TE Flickinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4721-x","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to recruitment and enrollment of HIV-infected individuals with opioid use disorder in a clinical trial","volume":"19","author":"KA Hoffman","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-021-00580-7","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators of HIV and hepatitis C care among people who inject drugs in Nairobi, Kenya: a qualitative study with peer educators","volume":"18","author":"NT Ludwig-Barron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0348073.ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000453","article-title":"Adolescent lives matter: preventing HIV in adolescents","volume":"13","author":"A Pettifor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348073.ref152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1177\/2325957416686194","article-title":"Factors Associated with Delayed Enrollment in HIV Medical Care among HIV-Positive Individuals in Odessa Region, Ukraine","volume":"16","author":"O Neduzhko","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0348073.ref153","first-page":"1424","article-title":"Health Needs of People Living with HIV\/AIDS: From the Perspective of Policy Makers, Physicians and Consultants, and People Living with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"43","author":"G Moradi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0348073.ref154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3453","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2020.21.12.3453","article-title":"Vaccination against Hepatitis B: A Scoping Review","volume":"21","author":"P Mohanty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962039","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2021.1962039","article-title":"Evidence and gaps in the literature on HIV\/STI prevention interventions targeting migrants in receiving countries: a scoping review","volume":"14","author":"FK Nkulu-Kalengayi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348073.ref156","article-title":"Hepatitis B Immunisation amongst doctors and laboratory personnel in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","volume":"5","author":"FY Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr j prim health care fam med"},{"issue":"10095","key":"pone.0348073.ref157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30931-5","article-title":"Universal health coverage, priority setting, and the human right to health","volume":"390","author":"B Rumbold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0348073","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T17:33:09Z","timestamp":1778175189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0348073"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Omar","family":"Sued","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"references-count":157,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0348073","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]}}}