{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:57:12Z","timestamp":1788281832484,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CryoDAO","award":["2025.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025.1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess US physicians\u2019 estimates of the feasibility of preservation procedures (cryopreservation, aldehyde-based fixation) for enabling future revival, their views on clinical interventions to improve preservation outcomes, and their positions on ethical and legal frameworks surrounding these end-of-life options.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional survey conducted October 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sermo, an online platform for verified US healthcare professionals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>334 physicians comprising 150 primary care physicians (general practice, internal medicine, family medicine) and 184 other specialists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Main outcomes and measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Estimated probability that preservation retains neurally-encoded information sufficient for future revival; support for pre-mortem anticoagulation and pre-cardiac arrest procedure initiation; views on compatibility with patient-centered care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec006\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 334 physicians, the median estimated probability that preservation under ideal conditions could retain sufficient neural information for future revival was 25.5%. Overall, 27.9% found preservation somewhat or very plausible for enabling future revival; 47.0% found it somewhat or very implausible. Most physicians (70.7%) supported prescribing anticoagulants to terminal patients to improve preservation quality; 11.7% opposed. For patients choosing preservation in combination with medical assistance in dying, 44.3% supported initiating preservation prior to cardiac arrest; 28.8% opposed. Most (58.1%) agreed preservation could be consistent with compassionate care (20.1% disagreed), and 49.1% reported comfort with patients choosing preservation (30.0% uncomfortable). Familiarity with preservation correlated with higher probability estimates (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.26; p\u2009&lt;\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), while end-of-life discussion frequency correlated with support for pre-cardiac arrest procedures (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.18; p\u2009=\u20090.003).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec007\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>US physicians assigned a median 25.5% probability to preservation retaining neural information under ideal conditions in a manner potentially compatible with future patient revival. The majority support for pre-mortem anticoagulation and plurality support for pre-cardiac arrest initiation indicate that many physicians would consider accommodating patient requests for preservation-enhancing interventions. These findings may inform development of clinical guidelines, though the speculative nature of the estimates warrants consideration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0348216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:21:55Z","timestamp":1779297715000},"page":"e0348216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Physician estimates of the feasibility of preserving the dying for future revival"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7497-8242","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ariel","family":"Zeleznikow-Johnston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7723-1056","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emil F.","family":"Kendziorra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T.","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9181","key":"pone.0348216.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)80011-7","article-title":"Will to live in the terminally ill","volume":"354","author":"HM Chochinov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0348216.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400615","DOI":"10.3389\/fmedt.2024.1400615","article-title":"Structural brain preservation: a potential bridge to future medical technologies","volume":"6","author":"AT McKenzie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med Technol"},{"key":"pone.0348216.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2193-5_2","article-title":"Principles of cryopreservation by vitrification.","volume-title":"Cryopreservation and freeze-drying protocols","author":"GM Fahy","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0348216.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2015.09.003","article-title":"Aldehyde-stabilized cryopreservation","volume":"71","author":"RL McIntyre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348216.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228271","article-title":"Putting your money where your self is: connecting dimensions of closeness and theories of personal identity","volume":"15","author":"JK Woike","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348216.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.10.025","article-title":"Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in patients with high cognitive needs: full preservation of cognitive abilities","volume":"87","author":"A Percy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348216.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s11841-019-0727-4","article-title":"Worldwide cryonics attitudes about the body, cryopreservation, and revival: personal identity malleability and a theory of cryonic life extension","volume":"58","author":"M Swan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sophia"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0348216.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0326920","article-title":"What are memories made of? 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