{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T22:37:36Z","timestamp":1783723056136,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Bengbu First People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical University","award":["BBYYZK202509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBYYZK202509"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Through retrospective analysis of clinical data on gastrointestinal bleeding complicated with hemorrhagic shock (GIB-HS) in patients in our intensive care unit\uff08ICU\uff09, we aim to explore relevant risk factors and prognosis, and provide guidance for clinical prevention and treatment of such cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 93 cases of gastrointestinal bleeding from October 2023 to January 2025 in the Intensive Care Medicine Department of our hospital were collected. Based on the presence or absence of hemorrhagic shock, they were divided into a hemorrhagic shock group (observation group, n\u2009=\u200942 cases) and a control group (control group, n\u2009=\u200951 cases). The differences in clinical data between the two groups were analyzed, and logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding complicated with hemorrhagic shock. The sensitivity and specificity of predicting hemorrhagic shock were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic\uff08ROC\uff09curve, and the prognosis of the two groups was compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were statistically significant differences in the scores of type 2 diabetes, urea nitrogen, red blood cell number, hemoglobin, hematocrit and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II(APACHEII) score,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\uff1c\u20090.05. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted with factors with\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.1 as independent variables. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in urea nitrogen and fibrinogen, which were risk factors for ICU GIB-HS The ROC curve showed that urea nitrogen had the highest specificity in predicting ICU patients with GIB-HS, while fibrinogen had the highest sensitivity in predicting hemorrhagic shock. Compared with the prognosis of the two groups, the mortality rate of the group with hemorrhagic shock was higher than that of the group without hemorrhagic shock.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An exploratory correlation analysis revealed that both urea nitrogen and fibrinogen are factors associated with the prediction of GIB-HS in ICU patients, while APACHEII score, respiratory failure, and fibrinogen are independent factors affecting the prognosis of ICU patients with GIB-HS. Clinicians need to timely identify these indicators and optimize treatment plans to improve prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>1. Patients with advanced malignant tumors, 2. Age of onset&lt;18 years, 3. Pregnant or lactating women, 4. Incomplete case or follow-up data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0348276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T17:26:27Z","timestamp":1778001987000},"page":"e0348276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk factors and prognosis analysis of gastrointestinal bleeding combined with hemorrhagic shock in patients in intensive care unit:A retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4419-7733","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Changfu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinju","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0348276.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-024-08296-x","article-title":"Prediction of the Severity of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Reassessing Dominant Wisdom","volume":"69","author":"J Arai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0348276.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12029","article-title":"A modified Glasgow Blatchford Score improves risk stratification in upper gastrointestinal bleed: a prospective comparison of scoring systems","volume":"36","author":"DW Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0348276.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2024.2331739","article-title":"Shock Index as a Predictor of Mortality and Hospital Admission in Prehospital Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"28","author":"J Lowe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348276.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2024.01.012","article-title":"Risk factors for massive gastrointestinal bleeding occurrence and mortality: A prospective single-center study","volume":"367","author":"E Redondo-Cerezo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0348276.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17949","article-title":"Review article: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding - review of current evidence and implications for management","volume":"59","author":"DL Shung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"pone.0348276.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059","article-title":"Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients Supported with Left Ventricular Assist Devices: The Journey from Bridging to Destination","volume":"201","author":"MS Mohamed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"28","key":"pone.0348276.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4466","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v29.i28.4466","article-title":"One in four patients with gastrointestinal bleeding develops shock or hemodynamic instability: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"M Obeidat","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348276.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1159\/000538366","article-title":"Diagnosis Value of the Blood Urea Nitrogen-to-Creatinine Ratio in Determining the Need for Intervention of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding","volume":"42","author":"H Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348276.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.18526","article-title":"The Comparison of scoring systems: SOFA, APACHE-II, LODS, MODS, and SAPS-II in critically ill elderly sepsis patients","volume":"18","author":"B Tekin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348276.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.13021","article-title":"APACHE scoring system and pressure injury risk for intensive care patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"W Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0348276.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.13390","article-title":"Novel insights into the assessment of risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in decompensated cirrhotic children","volume":"23","author":"N Bonnet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0348276","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T17:26:29Z","timestamp":1778001989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0348276"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Lazzeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0348276","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]}}}