{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T18:00:05Z","timestamp":1781200805390,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Facial attractiveness is shaped by multiple visual cues, yet the influence of image resolution on attractiveness judgments remains underexplored. Advances in display and imaging technology now allow for image presentation at resolutions approaching the limits of human spatial vision, enabling investigations under higher-fidelity spatial sampling conditions that more closely approximate retina-like detail at typical viewing distances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine whether facial image resolution, specifically matched to the spatial resolving power of the human visual system, affects perceived facial attractiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High-resolution facial images of 180 Japanese female models were captured using an 8K imaging system (7680\u2009\u00d7\u20094320 pixels; 283.2 ppi). Low-resolution versions (35.3 ppi) were created by downsampling the originals using pixelation. Both high- and low-resolution images were presented on an 8K display in a within-subjects design. Participants rated the attractiveness of each face using a standardized 6-point scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Facial images presented at higher resolution received slightly higher attractiveness ratings than their low-resolution counterparts, as confirmed by linear mixed-effects models accounting for crossed observer and identity effects. The effect was especially pronounced for faces with higher baseline attractiveness. Age-related declines in attractiveness ratings were observed in both conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultra-high image resolution yields a small but reliable increase in perceived facial attractiveness, particularly for faces with higher baseline attractiveness. These findings suggest that increased spatial detail may amplify attractiveness-related cues that are otherwise diminished in conventional-resolution displays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0348371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T17:25:58Z","timestamp":1781198758000},"page":"e0348371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Face image resolution and perceived attractiveness: An 8K display study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5334-4072","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Koji","family":"Mizukoshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Hamanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoguang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9297-7397","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takaya","family":"Oishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Kawabata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0348371.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1037\/h0033731","article-title":"What is beautiful is good","volume":"24","author":"K Dion","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0348371.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(95)80014-X","article-title":"Human female orgasm and mate fluctuating asymmetry","volume":"50","author":"R Thornhill","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348371.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.81.1.11","article-title":"Gender and attractiveness biases in hiring decisions: are more experienced managers less biased?","volume":"81","author":"CM Marlowe","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0348371.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00458.x","article-title":"Attractiveness and income for men and women in management1","volume":"21","author":"IH Frieze","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Appl Soc Pyschol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348371.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11020279","article-title":"Biological bases of beauty revisited: the effect of symmetry, averageness, and sexual dimorphism on female facial attractiveness","volume":"11","author":"A Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348371.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7036.115.1.92","article-title":"Human (Homo sapiens) facial attractiveness in relation to skin texture and color","volume":"115","author":"B Fink","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Comp Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0348371.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01704","article-title":"Age and Gender differences in facial attractiveness, but not emotion resemblance, contribute to age and gender stereotypes","volume":"8","author":"R Palumbo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348371.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18432","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22866-x","article-title":"Attractive and healthy-looking male faces do not show higher immunoreactivity","volume":"12","author":"\u017d P\u00e1tkov\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0348371.ref009","volume-title":"Visual Optics","author":"G Asimellis","year":"2022"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0348371.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1068\/p5509","article-title":"When beauty breaks down: investigation of the effect of spatial quantisation on aesthetic evaluation of facial images","volume":"36","author":"T Bachmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"pone.0348371.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.01.009","article-title":"Face perception loves a challenge: less information sparks more attraction","volume":"157","author":"J Sadr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"pone.0348371.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2024.104635","article-title":"The effects of image resolution and exposure duration on facial beauty and ugliness evaluations","volume":"252","author":"T Sano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Psychol (Amst)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348371.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/15980316.2019.1704895","article-title":"Cognitive effect on image quality in full ultra-high definition(8\u2009K)","volume":"21","author":"D Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Inform Display"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348371.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210x.2012.00261.x","article-title":"A general and simple method for obtaining R 2 from generalized linear mixed\u2010effects models","volume":"4","author":"S Nakagawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348371.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2021.3105031","article-title":"Quality of 8K ultra-high-definition television viewing experience in practical viewing conditions","volume":"68","author":"Y Shishikui","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Broadcast"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0348371.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025656","article-title":"Cosmetics as a feature of the extended human phenotype: modulation of the perception of biologically important facial signals","volume":"6","author":"NL Etcoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0348371.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1068\/p6331","article-title":"A sex difference in facial contrast and its exaggeration by cosmetics","volume":"38","author":"R Russell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Perception"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0348371.ref018","first-page":"237","article-title":"Human facial beauty\u00a0: averageness, symmetry, and parasite resistance","volume":"4","author":"R Thornhill","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hum Nat"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348371.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00079.x","article-title":"Attractive faces are only average","volume":"1","author":"JH Langlois","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0348371","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T17:26:01Z","timestamp":1781198761000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0348371"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Johannes","family":"H\u00f6nekopp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0348371","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]}}}