{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T18:13:46Z","timestamp":1778696026499,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Smartsound Corporation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Digital stethoscope has been introduced to clinical practice and are developing in many aspects. Overwhelming pandemic requires non-contact healthcare support, and recent growth of artificial intelligence necessitates high-quality data collection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We studied the usefulness of a novel, remotely applicable device Skeeper SM-300\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A single center, prospective, single-arm, investigator-blinded investigation was conducted. Sixty-four participants (normal individuals, stable\/exacerbated COPD, stable\/exacerbated bronchial asthma, pneumonia, ILD, and pleural effusion) had their lung sounds examined with a conventional stethoscope, while simultaneously recorded using the device, and classified into normal, crackle, wheezing and decreased sound. Three specialists (Raters) listened to the digitally recorded lung sounds and classified them. Non-inferiority of Skeeper SM-300\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      compared with conventional stethoscopy was examined. Audible acceptability of tidal breathing sounds compared with deep breathing sound, examinees\u2019 comfort with the new device, acceptability of digital lung sounds, and diagnostic accuracy after listening to the recorded lung sounds were also evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among four breathing sounds, wheezing had the highest percentage of correct answers. Three Raters\u2019 judgment of classifying electronic lung sounds showed consistent agreement with the conventional stethoscopic result. demonstrating statistically significant agreement between the conventional and electronic stethoscopy (\u043a\u2009=\u20090.8337, \u043a\u2009=\u20090.8158, and \u043a\u2009=\u20090.8043, respectively). Audible acceptability of tidal breathing sounds resulted in fair agreement, with a \u043a-value ranging from 0.5 to 0.8. A majority of patients expressed that they were fairly comfortable with being examined with the device. Diagnostic accuracy on listening to \u201cdeep breath\u201d showed a nearly perfect agreement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We verified that the novel electronic stethoscope showed high credibility, yielded highly accurate results, and exhibited non-inferiority compared with conventional stethoscopy. Our investigation supports the usefulness of this novel digital auscultatory device as a credible substitute for conventional analogue stethoscopy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0348588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T17:30:59Z","timestamp":1778693459000},"page":"e0348588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Usefulness of lung sound data collection using Skeeper SM-300\u00ae device: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sue In","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won Jai","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5147-6306","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Byung-Keun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Yeub","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jungho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JaeYong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won-Yang","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HyeSun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyonggin","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanghoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7884-9045","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eun Joo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"pone.0348588.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2301725","article-title":"The current and future state of AI interpretation of medical images","volume":"388","author":"P Rajpurkar","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0348588.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.6.1886","article-title":"Auditory detection of simulated crackles in breath sounds","volume":"119","author":"H Kiyokawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"pone.0348588.ref003","author":"K Choi","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0348588.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/85.3.257","article-title":"The kappa statistic in reliability studies: use, interpretation, and sample size requirements","volume":"85","author":"J Sim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0348588.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2010.10.004","article-title":"Towards a framework for developing semantic relatedness reference standards","volume":"44","author":"SVS Pakhomov","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348588.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"pone.0348588.ref007","first-page":"29","article-title":"Digital stethoscope: technology update","volume":"11","author":"S Swarup","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Devices (Auckl)"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0348588.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4978524","article-title":"Acoustic characterization of stethoscopes using auscultation sounds as test signals","volume":"141","author":"LJ Nowak","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"pone.0348588.ref009","author":"JA Dunnington","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0348588.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2024.100079","article-title":"Machines are learning chest auscultation. Will they also become our teachers?","volume":"2","author":"H Pasterkamp","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chest Pulmonary"},{"issue":"21","key":"pone.0348588.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7036","DOI":"10.3390\/s24217036","article-title":"MEMS and ECM sensor technologies for cardiorespiratory sound monitoring-a comprehensive review","volume":"24","author":"Y Torabi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0348588.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-015-0056-y","article-title":"The electronic stethoscope","volume":"14","author":"S Leng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0348588","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T17:31:03Z","timestamp":1778693463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0348588"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Damir","family":"Erceg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0348588","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]}}}