{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:53:47Z","timestamp":1792788827606,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32360036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32360036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004001","name":"Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. QKHPT[2025]015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. QKHPT[2025]015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Talent Team Project of Guizhou Institute of Biology","award":["No. QSS2024001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. QSS2024001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0220p2586","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Youth Science Foundation of Guizhou Academy of Sciences","award":["No. QKYJZ[2026]14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. QKYJZ[2026]14"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ty2n298","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Plateau wetlands are critical habitats for migratory birds, but the potential ecological risks from the large-scale accumulation of migratory bird feces (MBF) remain poorly understood. This study focused on seven wintering waterbird species, including the\n                    <jats:italic>Grus nigricollis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Grus grus, Fulica atra, Anas strepera, Anas zonorhyncha, Mareca penelope,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Tadorna ferruginea<\/jats:italic>\n                    at Caohai Plateau Wetland, sampling across March 2024, January 2025 and March 2025\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The phosphorus (P) speciation, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), pathogens, and their interactions were assessed using sequential phosphorus extraction, solution\n                    <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>\n                    P-nuclear magnetic resonance (\n                    <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>\n                    P-NMR), and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Results showed that MBF was enriched in nutrients and heavy metals, with Gruiformes feces containing high total P (0.65% dry weight). Orthophosphate accounted for 90.68% of total P and labile NaHCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    -P\n                    <jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>\n                    constituted the dominant organic P fraction, collectively indicating strong guanotrophication potential. Metagenomic annotation recovered 231 potential pathogens with\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    as dominant taxa; 21 ARG classes were identified, dominated by multidrug resistance genes (32.14\u201339.29%). Heavy metal (Cu, Cd, Zn) selection pressure enriched MGEs in avian gut microbiota, thereby facilitating horizontal transfer of ARGs and virulence factors (VFs) and ultimately driving the enrichment of multi-drug resistant pathogens. The low-temperature plateau environment further extended the environmental persistence of these hazardous biological contaminants. This study provides a synergistic risk network linking nutrient loading, heavy metal pollution, antimicrobial resistance, and pathogenic proliferation in MBF-impacted plateau wetlands, providing scientific support for plateau wetland ecological restoration and targeted public health risk mitigation under the One Health framework.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0348709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:30:34Z","timestamp":1790011834000},"page":"e0348709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ecological risk assessment of migratory bird feces in plateau wetland: Phosphorus speciation, ARGs, and pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7493-7096","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yunchuan","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key 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