{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T18:05:06Z","timestamp":1779905106762,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Repha GmbH","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To define the potential functional roles of a herbal preparation of myrrh, chamomile extract, and coffee charcoal in patients suffering from diarrhea dominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study utilized the Mucosal Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Environment (M-SHIME\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) with proximal (PC) and distal colon (DC) compartments and fecal samples from four IBS-D donors. Eight-day (d) repeated dosing with the herbal product (6 tablets\/day) was initiated compared to a negative control. Changes in microbial metabolism and community composition were assessed, and colonic ferments were evaluated for their effects on intestinal barrier permeability and cytokine production in a Caco-2\/THP-1 co-culture model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Product treatment significantly increased gas pressure versus negative control, indicating microbial fermentative activity. Product supplementation significantly increased proximal acetate (d3, d5), propionate (d3), and butyrate (d5, d8) levels (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 for all), while no significant changes were observed distally. Ammonium levels were significantly elevated following product supplementation in PC (d3, d5, d8; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and DC (d8; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), though remained within physiological range. Repeated dosing enriched members of\n                      <jats:italic>Bifidobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , Bacteroidota,\n                      <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Butyricicoccus<\/jats:italic>\n                      versus negative control. Treated colonic ferments had a protective effect on intestinal membrane integrity (DC; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and positive immunomodulatory effects (increased IL-10, PC and DC [both p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001], and IL-6, PC [p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001] and DC [p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01]) in Caco-2\/THP-1 co-cultures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Treatment with a herbal preparation of myrrh, chamomile extract, and coffee charcoal showed a potential beneficial effect on the microbiota of patients with IBS-D\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , suggesting further exploration of its efficacy in IBS-D and other chronic gastrointestinal disorders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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