{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T18:12:22Z","timestamp":1779387142210,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centre of Research Expertise for the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["202211FBD-493857-92798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202211FBD-493857-92798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Work-related shoulder disorders (WSDs) are the third most prevalent work-related musculoskeletal disorder in firefighting, a significant occupational health concern among firefighters (FFs). However, comprehensive understanding of clinician perspectives on causative factors and evidence-based management strategies remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore clinicians\u2019 perspectives on: (a) the underlying causative factors contributing to WSDs; and (b) management strategies specific to firefighters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 clinicians (11 males, 4 females) between 30\u201361 years of age, who had experience managing firefighters with WSDs. Data collection and analysis followed interpretive description methodology, employing iterative thematic analysis to identify recurring themes and patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight themes emerged: 1) The Nature of Firefighting Work Exacerbates Shoulder Injuries; 2) Work-Related Slips and Falls are Linked to Traumatic Shoulder Injuries; 3) Unequal Shoulder Injury Pattern by Sex and Work Experience; 4) Lack of Formal and Targeted Training Exercises Predisposes to Shoulder Injuries; 5) Early Diagnosis is Crucial for Effective Shoulder Management; 6) Individualized Multimodal Treatment Approaches are Key to Optimal Recovery; 7) (Re-)Education on Safe Exercise Training Minimizes Shoulder (Re-)Injuries; 8) Specialized functional Assessment and Outcome Measures could Enhance Treatment Outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Firefighter WSDs are multifactorial, exacerbated by occupational exposures,\u00a0sociodemographic\u00a0factors and delayed or non-specialized care. Clinicians emphasize the need for implementing targeted functional rehabilitation approaches that consider the unique physical and operational demands of firefighting duties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0348934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T17:37:10Z","timestamp":1779385030000},"page":"e0348934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u201cEvery shoulder is different\u201d: A qualitative study of clinicians\u2019 insights on the causative factors and strategies of managing work-related shoulder disorders among firefighters"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6595-0109","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Temitope A.","family":"Osifeso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy C.","family":"MacDermid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gojjam","family":"Limenih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Szekeres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pulak","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0348934.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3931","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16203931","article-title":"A Profile of Injuries Sustained by Firefighters: A Critical Review","volume":"16","author":"R Orr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348934.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3138\/jmvfh-2019-0024","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among Canadian firefighters: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"G Nazari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348934.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-024-10263-2","article-title":"\u201cMissing Mobility\u201d: Perspectives of North American Firefighters on the Risks and Causes of Work-Related Shoulder Disorders: A Qualitative Study","volume":"36","author":"TA Osifeso","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0348934.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1177\/216507991206001203","article-title":"Occupational injuries, duty status, and factors associated with injuries among firefighters","volume":"60","author":"O Hong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Workplace Health Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348934.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2023.2294627","article-title":"The global prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among firefighters: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"AH Khoshakhlagh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Occup Saf Ergon"},{"key":"pone.0348934.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2023.11.009","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of musculoskeletal disorders among firefighters","volume":"88","author":"S Tahernejad","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Safety Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0348934.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40691-022-00314-8","article-title":"Examination of current U.S. female firefighting personal protective equipment (PPE) sizing and fitting process challenges: an opportunity to improve safety","volume":"9","author":"SL Sokolowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fash Text"},{"key":"pone.0348934.ref008","unstructured":"Hulett DM, Bendick M, Thomas SY, Moccio F. 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