{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T03:58:35Z","timestamp":1793159915494,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Foundation Ireland Frontiers for the future","award":["21\/FFP-P\/10171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21\/FFP-P\/10171"]}]},{"name":"Science foundation Ireland","award":["SFI\/15\/IA\/3028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFI\/15\/IA\/3028"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16\/BBSRC\/3316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16\/BBSRC\/3316"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001627","name":"Marine Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RESPI\/FS\/20\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RESPI\/FS\/20\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D is a crucial micronutrient for vertebrate health that affects musculoskeletal function and likely modulates immune responses in tissues such as the skin. Infectious diseases are a critical concern in Atlantic salmon aquaculture due to the potential economic impact of stock losses, risks to fish welfare, and environmental sustainability. Since the skin is the first line of immunological defence, its ability to mediate host-pathogen interactions may be influenced by dietary vitamin D. This study examined the transcriptomic response of salmon skin after six months of dietary vitamin D supplementation, with an emphasis on immune-related gene expression. A total of 151 differentially expressed genes were identified, 27 of which are linked to inflammation, antigen presentation, and both innate and adaptive immunity. These results indicate that vitamin D could modulate cutaneous immune responses by reducing inflammation and enhancing innate defences, potentially improving resistance to many skin-associated salmon pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0349197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T17:22:16Z","timestamp":1779124936000},"page":"e0349197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of vitamin D on gene expression in Atlantic salmon skin"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5017-7832","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lewis D.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7310-8803","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Courtney E.","family":"Gorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1064-5916","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fintan","family":"Egan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2001-9652","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Neil M.","family":"Ruane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"McGinnity","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9653-6728","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C. Darrin","family":"Hulsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0349197.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.75-c1","article-title":"Vitamin D and human health: more than just bone","volume":"9","author":"JH White","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.01.023","article-title":"Vitamin D: dietary requirements and food fortification as a means of helping achieve adequate vitamin D status","volume":"148","author":"KD Cashman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.129836","article-title":"Vitamin D composition of Australian foods","volume":"358","author":"E Dunlop","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070808","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1070808","article-title":"Global and regional prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in population-based studies from 2000 to 2022: A pooled analysis of 7.9 million participants","volume":"10","author":"A Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0349197.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa218","article-title":"Vitamin D-regulated gene expression profiles: species-specificity and cell-specific effects on metabolism and immunity","volume":"162","author":"V Dimitrov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131445","article-title":"Temporal variations in the nutrient content of Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), 2005\u20132020","volume":"373","author":"A Moxness Reksten","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2025.743058","article-title":"UV-B light stimulates the production of Vitamin D3 in Atlantic salmon","volume":"611","author":"I Fossen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0349197.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11050982","article-title":"Vitamin D in wild and farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo Salar)-What do we know?","volume":"11","author":"J Jakobsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0349197.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38939","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-22850-1","article-title":"Vitamin D modulates gene expression in four major muscle tissues in Atlantic salmon","volume":"15","author":"CE Gorman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0349197.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-025-12209-1","article-title":"Vitamin D elicits tissue-specific isoform expression in Atlantic salmon muscles","volume":"26","author":"CE Gorman","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0349197.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051248","article-title":"Vitamin D\u2019s effect on immune function","volume":"12","author":"P-J Martens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0349197.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-021-09679-5","article-title":"Vitamin D, infections and immunity","volume":"23","author":"A Ismailova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0349197.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.3945\/an.117.015578","article-title":"25-Hydroxyvitamin D as a biomarker of vitamin D status and its modeling to inform strategies for prevention of vitamin D deficiency within the population","volume":"8","author":"KD Cashman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2018.03.001","article-title":"The pathology of vitamin D deficiency in domesticated animals: an evolutionary and comparative overview","volume":"23","author":"EW Uhl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Paleopathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0349197.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31031\/APDV.2018.03.000563","article-title":"Metabolic bone diseases of captive mammal, reptile and birds","volume":"3","author":"R Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"APDV"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref016","article-title":"Metabolic bone disease in lion cubs at the London Zoo in 1889: the original animal model of rickets","author":"RW Chesney","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0349197.ref017","first-page":"309","article-title":"Problems of rickets in monkeys and apes","volume":"67","author":"RN Fiennes","year":"1974","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e31819dba91","article-title":"The vitamin D connection to pediatric infections and immune function","volume":"65","author":"VP Walker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0349197.ref019","first-page":"1544","article-title":"Evaluation of vitamin D status in newly diagnosed Pemphigus vulgaris patients","volume":"43","author":"M Zarei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0349197.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.26505\/DJM.25017031023","article-title":"The effect of the ectoparasite (Pediculus humanus capitis) on immunological and blood parameters in children of different ages in Baquba city","volume":"25","author":"H Khalid Awaad","year":"2023","journal-title":"DJM"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0349197.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009681","article-title":"Vitamin d and leishmaniasis: Neither seasonal nor risk factor in canine host but potential adjuvant treatment through cbd103 expression","volume":"15","author":"C Martori","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.739285","article-title":"Calcifediol is a safe and effective metabolite for raising vitamin D status and improving growth and feed conversion in rainbow trout","volume":"568","author":"S Rider","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0349197.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12187","article-title":"Effects of early vitamin D deficiency rickets on bone and dental health, growth and immunity","volume":"12","author":"M Zerofsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.740988","article-title":"New perspectives on the role of vitamin D in the mucosal barrier system of fish gills infected with Flavobacterium columnare","volume":"589","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0349197.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11243","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411243","article-title":"Vitamin D promotes mucosal barrier system of fish skin infected with Aeromonas hydrophila through multiple modulation of physical and immune protective capacity","volume":"24","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2023.104866","article-title":"A review of the critical role of vitamin D axis on the immune system","author":"G Daryabor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0349197.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.31138\/mjr.33.1.7","article-title":"The immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D","volume":"33","author":"L Athanassiou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mediterr J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0349197.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-05798-x","article-title":"The interaction between adhesion protein 33 (TvAP33) and BNIP3 mediates the adhesion and pathogenicity of Trichomonas vaginalis to host cells","volume":"16","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2023.106253","article-title":"Two lineages of immune cells that differentially express the vitamin D receptor","volume":"228","author":"MT Cantorna","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0349197.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20135","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c00134","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of vitamin D3 on NF-\u03baB and JAK\/STAT signaling pathways in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"9","author":"W Hardiyanti","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467538","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1467538","article-title":"The regulation of inflammation by innate and adaptive lymphocytes","volume":"2018","author":"DA Cronkite","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03011","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) primary macrophage immune response to Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection","volume":"10","author":"M Soto-D\u00e1vila","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0349197.ref033","first-page":"48","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides: mechanism of action, activity and clinical potential","volume":"8","author":"Q-Y Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110232","article-title":"Vitamin D modulates expression of antimicrobial peptides and proinflammatory cytokines to restrict Zika virus infection in macrophages","volume":"119","author":"GJ Fernandez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.10.004","article-title":"Differential expression and regulation of vitamin D hydroxylases and inflammatory genes in prostate stroma and epithelium by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in men with prostate cancer and an in vitro model","volume":"148","author":"AA Giangreco","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01307","article-title":"Vitamin D controls tumor growth and CD8+ T cell infiltration in breast cancer","volume":"10","author":"E Karkeni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0349197.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2017.220","article-title":"HYPE or HOPE: the prognostic value of infiltrating immune cells in cancer","volume":"117","author":"TA Barnes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref038","author":"H Patel","year":"2024"},{"issue":"88","key":"pone.0349197.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abi6887","article-title":"IL-31-dependent neurogenic inflammation restrains cutaneous type 2 immune response in allergic dermatitis","volume":"8","author":"MS Fassett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.7563.1","article-title":"Differential analyses for RNA-seq: transcript-level estimates improve gene-level inferences","volume":"4","author":"C Soneson","year":"2015","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0349197.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"MI Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0349197.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B Stat Methodol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0349197.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.97","article-title":"Mapping identifiers for the integration of genomic datasets with the R\/Bioconductor package biomaRt","volume":"4","author":"S Durinck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref044","author":"MC Herv\u00e9 Pag\u00e8s","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0349197.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-020-03819-5","article-title":"ideal: an R\/Bioconductor package for interactive differential expression analysis","volume":"21","author":"F Marini","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0349197.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02867-19","article-title":"G protein pathway suppressor 1 promotes influenza virus polymerase activity by activating the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"10","author":"T Kuwahara","year":"2019","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00425","article-title":"Interleukin-17A\/F1 deficiency reduces antimicrobial gene expression and contributes to microbiome alterations in intestines of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)","volume":"11","author":"Y Okamura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0349197.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118","article-title":"clusterProfiler: an R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters","volume":"16","author":"G Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"OMICS"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0349197.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"SF Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0349197.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-025-04034-9","article-title":"Research on tracheal stenosis based on molecular biomarkers","volume":"25","author":"S Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0349197.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp083","article-title":"The ubiquitously expressed bZIP inhibitor, JDP2, suppresses the transcription of its homologue immediate early gene counterpart, ATF3","volume":"37","author":"K Weidenfeld-Baranboim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0349197.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9050993","article-title":"Host response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) re-inoculated with Paramoeba perurans","volume":"9","author":"M McCormack","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273614","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1273614","article-title":"Microalgae as functional feed for Atlantic salmon: effects on growth, health, immunity, muscle fatty acid and pigment deposition","volume":"10","author":"J Mueller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102613","article-title":"Mitochondrial NAD kinase in health and disease","volume":"60","author":"R Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375887","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1375887","article-title":"Subversion of a family of antimicrobial proteins by Salmonella enterica","volume":"14","author":"RG Gerlach","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.037","article-title":"Cathepsin S of Sciaenops ocellatus: identification, transcriptional expression and enzymatic activity","volume":"82","author":"B-G Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.07.017","article-title":"Comparative ploidy response to experimental hydrogen peroxide exposure in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)","volume":"81","author":"L Chalmers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109984","article-title":"Characterization, expressional and evolutionary analysis of five fish-specific CCRs (CCR4La, CCR4Lc, CCR12a1, CCR12a2, and CCR12b) in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","volume":"154","author":"X Pi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0349197.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11010039","article-title":"A pathogenic role for Fc\u03b3RI in the immune response against chlamydial respiratory infection","volume":"11","author":"J Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0349197.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1097\/RD9.0000000000000094","article-title":"Macrophage polarization disorder in the endometrial immune microenvironment may contribute to recurrent implantation failure","volume":"8","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reprod Dev Med"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.10.013","article-title":"Fish complement C8 evolution, functional network analyses, and the theoretical interaction between C8 alpha chain and CD59","volume":"128","author":"L Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2024.112274","article-title":"Interleukin-1 increases SERPINE1 expression in human granulosa-lutein cell via P50\/P52 signaling pathways","volume":"591","author":"Y Xiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0349197.ref063","article-title":"SERPINB1 promotes Senecavirus A replication by degrading IKBKE and regulating the IFN pathway via autophagy","volume":"97","author":"J Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2021.12.006","article-title":"Cadmium regulates FKBP5 through miR-9-5p and induces carp lymphocyte apoptosis","volume":"120","author":"P Luan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00825","article-title":"Novel role of endothelial derived exosomal HSPA12B in regulating macrophage inflammatory responses in polymicrobial sepsis","volume":"11","author":"F Tu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2019.103502","article-title":"Expansion of fish CCL20_like chemokines by genome and local gene duplication: characterisation and expression analysis of 10 CCL20_like chemokines in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"103","author":"F Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0349197.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2011.02.009","article-title":"Characterization of two heat shock proteins (Hsp70\/Hsc70) from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): evidence for their differential gene expression, protein synthesis and secretion in LPS-challenged peripheral blood lymphocytes","volume":"159","author":"A Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0349197.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27013-z","article-title":"Deep transcriptomic analysis of black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) provides new insights on responses to acute temperature stress","volume":"8","author":"L Lyu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4881","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S468828","article-title":"Diagnosis and molecular characterization of potential RNA binding protein involved in the pathogenesis of liver ischemia reperfusion injury","volume":"17","author":"W Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.109058","article-title":"The role of CcPTGS2a in immune response against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","volume":"141","author":"F Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00744","article-title":"CLEC10A is a specific marker for human CD1c+ dendritic cells and enhances their Toll-like receptor 7\/8-induced cytokine secretion","volume":"9","author":"L Heger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0349197.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.258602","article-title":"LFA-1 and kindlin-3 enable the collaborative transport of SLP-76 microclusters by myosin and dynein motors","volume":"134","author":"KP Eidell","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0349197.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxl115","article-title":"AILIM\/ICOS-mediated elongation of activated T cells is regulated by both the PI3-kinase\/Akt and Rho family cascade","volume":"18","author":"Y Nukada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0349197.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-021-00374-9","article-title":"Update of the keratin gene family: evolution, tissue-specific expression patterns, and relevance to clinical disorders","volume":"16","author":"M Ho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0349197.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12568","article-title":"Calmodulin 4 is dispensable for epidermal barrier formation and wound healing in mice","volume":"24","author":"JC Lessard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0349197.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.03.037","article-title":"Principles and therapeutic applications of adaptive immunity","volume":"187","author":"H Chi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0349197.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12162097","article-title":"Catch of the day: new serum amyloid A (SAA) antibody is a valuable tool to study fish health in salmonids","volume":"12","author":"R Buks","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108835","article-title":"Transcriptomic and targeted immune transcript analyses confirm localized skin immune responses in Atlantic salmon towards the salmon louse","volume":"138","author":"A-C \u00d8verg\u00e5rd","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.02.013","article-title":"The spectrum of phenotypes caused by variants in the CFH gene","volume":"46","author":"CJF Boon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0349197.ref080","first-page":"494","article-title":"Prolonged cold exposure negatively impacts Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) liver metabolism and function","volume":"13","author":"I Rojas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.09.017","article-title":"Adaptive immunity","volume":"125","author":"FA Bonilla","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0349197.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215887","DOI":"10.1080\/19420862.2023.2215887","article-title":"Design of antibody variable fragments with reduced reactivity to preexisting anti-drug antibodies","volume":"15","author":"MU Johansson","year":"2023","journal-title":"MAbs"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0349197.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10393","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67405-8","article-title":"Quantitative trait loci and genes associated with salmonid alphavirus load in Atlantic salmon: implications for pancreas disease resistance and tolerance","volume":"10","author":"ML Aslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2016.04.001","article-title":"Preferential combination between the light and heavy chain isotypes of fish immunoglobulins","volume":"61","author":"N Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0349197.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6330","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126330","article-title":"The double-edged sword of beta2-microglobulin in antibacterial properties and amyloid fibril-mediated cytotoxicity","volume":"22","author":"S-J Chiou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0349197.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17396","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417396","article-title":"The molecular aspects of functional activity of macrophage-activating factor GcMAF","volume":"24","author":"SS Kirikovich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-486","article-title":"Evolution of duplicated IgH loci in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar","volume":"11","author":"M Yasuike","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0349197.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2018.1487305","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a pig FKBP5 gene with a novel expression pattern in lymphocytes and granulocytes","volume":"30","author":"J Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0349197.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-022-09007-4","article-title":"Transcriptomic response to ISAV infection in the gills, head kidney and spleen of resistant and susceptible Atlantic salmon","volume":"23","author":"O Gervais","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0349197.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-020-0227-y","article-title":"Harnessing genomics to fast-track genetic improvement in aquaculture","volume":"21","author":"RD Houston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2021.105862","article-title":"Influences of dietary vitamin D3 on growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity and molting of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) larvae","volume":"210","author":"S Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"pone.0349197.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545754","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1545754","article-title":"Chronic hypoxia has differential effects on constitutive and antigen-stimulated immune function in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)","volume":"16","author":"I Rojas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0349197","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T17:22:27Z","timestamp":1779124947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0349197"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Eman","family":"Zahran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0349197","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]}}}