{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:03:28Z","timestamp":1789581808443,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is the most common pathogen associated with skin infections worldwide. Significant efforts have been made to identify and develop innovative therapeutic strategies against\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Physical plasma has a broad range of potential uses, with non-destructive disinfection being one of its earliest applications. Although the literature emphasizes the antibacterial properties of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), the effect of plasma on\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    on damaged skin susceptible to\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    invasion through the itch-scratch cycle has not been studied to date. Thus, we examined the effectiveness of CAP treatment on\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteria in atopic dermatitis lesions using floating electrode dielectric barrier discharge devices, as well as helium and argon plasma jets. Heat distribution on the skin target, ultraviolet C radiation, and ozone generation of plasma jets for the operator of plasma sources were evaluated. Microbial tests confirmed the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    on the lesions of the groups before treatment. The groups exposed to plasma treatment showed a notable reduction in bacterial population compared to the model group (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Furthermore, our investigation indicated that plasma treatment reduced pruritus behavior. The findings suggest that cold atmospheric plasma treatment may potentially target skin infections caused by\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    in addition to conventional therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0349282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:30:21Z","timestamp":1789579821000},"page":"e0349282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of cold atmospheric plasma on Staphylococcus Aureus colonies on living animal tissue surface"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Shakeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4261-1956","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hassan","family":"Mehdian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdiyeh","family":"Bakhtiyari-Ramezani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal","family":"Hajisharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaheh","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0349282.ref001","article-title":"Skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"100","author":"P Del Giudice","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0349282.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.10.039","article-title":"Secreted virulence factor comparison between methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, and its relevance to atopic dermatitis","volume":"125","author":"PM Schlievert","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0349282.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-1695-5_7","article-title":"Pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus.","author":"S Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Model organisms for microbial pathogenesis, biofilm formation and antimicrobial drug discovery"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0349282.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00724-09","article-title":"Superantigenic Staphylococcus aureus stimulates production of interleukin-17 from memory but not naive T cells","volume":"78","author":"U Islander","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0349282.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07410.x","article-title":"Skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in patients with eczema and atopic dermatitis and relevant combined topical therapy: a double-blind multicentre randomized controlled trial","volume":"155","author":"JQ Gong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0349282.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2013.2210","article-title":"Balance between beneficial microflora and Staphylococcus aureus colonisation: in vivo evaluation in patients with atopic dermatitis during hydrotherapy","volume":"23","author":"M Bourrain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"pone.0349282.ref007","volume-title":"Nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma jets: fundamentals, diagnostics, and medical applications","author":"X Lu","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0349282.ref008","unstructured":"Jacobs PT, Lin SM. 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