{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T17:50:18Z","timestamp":1782237018591,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n HIV infection among children is predominantly due to perinatal transmission. The timing of HIV-related symptoms in perinatally infected children reveals how quickly the disease progresses and helps predict prognosis. This study used case-based surveillance to examine treatment outcomes and disease progression among HIV-infected, HIV-exposed infants in Plateau State, Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method<\/jats:title>\n \n This is a retrospective cohort study using a case-based surveillance approach. The data of HIV-exposed infants enrolled between 1\n st<\/jats:sup>\n October 2018 and 30\n th<\/jats:sup>\n September 2022, who had confirmed positive DNA PCR results and commenced antiretroviral therapy (ART), were sampled via a cluster sampling method. Participants were followed up for 6 months to 5 years post-ART initiation. Disease progression, treatment mortality, and loss outcomes were assessed with respect to age at follow-up.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 57 infants were included in the study, drawn from 15 health facilities across the three senatorial districts of Plateau State, Nigeria. The female-to-male ratio was approximately 1:1 (29:28), with a mean age of 0.7 years (8.9 months) \u00b1 0.7 years at ART initiation. By the end of the follow-up period, 70% (40\/57) of the infants had favorable treatment outcomes, with 87.5% achieving viral suppression. The remaining 29.8% (17\/57) experienced treatment mortality or losses (TX_ML): 47.1% (8\/17) died, 29.4% (5\/17) transferred out, 17.6% (3\/17) discontinued treatment, and 5.9% (1\/17) interrupted treatment. Among those with mortality outcomes, 75% died before the age of two years, while 25% survived beyond two years, with some reaching up to their fourth birthday. Mortality was unevenly distributed across local government areas (LGAs), with the highest rates recorded in Mangu LGA (37.5%), followed by Shendam LGA (25%), and the remaining 37.5% shared equally among Pankshin, Langtang North, and Jos North.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This study revealed disparities in TX_ML outcomes across senatorial districts, with higher treatment mortality in the Southern and Central districts compared to the Northern district. These findings highlight the need to design targeted, context-specific interventions to improve survival and treatment outcomes among perinatally HIV-infected children and further research to identify the contributing factors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0350012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T17:23:20Z","timestamp":1782235400000},"page":"e0350012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mother to child transmission of HIV in Plateau State, Nigeria: Case-based surveillance of the HIV infected HIV-exposed infants"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2337-596X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emmanuel O.","family":"Osayi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Blake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelechi","family":"Ngwoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Pius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tolulope","family":"Afolaranmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atiene S.","family":"Sagay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0350012.ref001","unstructured":"WHO Mortality Database. Perinatal conditions. 2025."},{"key":"pone.0350012.ref002","unstructured":"UNICEF. Global and regional trends-HIV\/AIDS data. 2025 Jul."},{"key":"pone.0350012.ref003","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health. National Guideline for HIV Prevention, Treatment, and Care. 2020."},{"key":"pone.0350012.ref004","unstructured":"CDC. National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). 2024 Nov 20"},{"key":"pone.0350012.ref005","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH). Nigeria HIV\/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS). 2019 Mar."},{"key":"pone.0350012.ref006","article-title":"Trends in prevalence of HIV infection: A 4-year review of the general population in Plateau State, Nigeria","volume":"6","author":"FA Magaji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jos Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0350012.ref007","unstructured":"PEPFAR. Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting Indicator Reference Guide. 2022."},{"key":"pone.0350012.ref008","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV. 2025."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0350012.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20221971","article-title":"Quality of care, loss to follow-up and mortality among paediatric and adolescent HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy in Abuja, Nigeria: a 15-year retrospective review","volume":"10","author":"AA Okechukwu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0350012.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20221971","article-title":"Quality of care, loss to follow-up and mortality among paediatric and adolescent HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy in Abuja, Nigeria: a 15-year retrospective review","volume":"10","author":"AA Okechukwu","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0350012.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s40545-022-00448-6","article-title":"Survival and predictors of mortality among HIV-positive children on antiretroviral therapy in public hospitals","volume":"15","author":"Y Biyazin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pharm Policy Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0350012.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s40545-022-00448-6","article-title":"Survival and predictors of mortality among HIV-positive children on antiretroviral therapy in public hospitals","volume":"15","author":"Y Biyazin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0350012.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.29322\/IJSRP.9.09.2019.p93110","article-title":"Utilization of antenatal health care facilities in Kerang district, Mangu L.G.A of Plateau state","volume":"9","author":"ZF Pofung","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0350012.ref014","first-page":"2317","article-title":"Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Utilization and Delivery of Healthcare Services among Outpatients during the Early Phase of the Pandemic in Nigeria","volume":"14","author":"DE Aigbonoga","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Public Health Afr"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0350012.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_668_20","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on ophthalmic outpatient services in an eye care center in southern Nigeria","volume":"24","author":"V Osaguona","year":"2021","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0350012.ref016","first-page":"11","article-title":"Peace Building and Social Media in a Cosmopolitan Society","volume":"6","author":"I Adeshina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wukari International Studies Journal"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0350012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T17:23:26Z","timestamp":1782235406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0350012"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Jahun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0350012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]}}}