{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T18:08:24Z","timestamp":1789063704649,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015171","name":"Zegar Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SB230192-Project 3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SB230192-Project 3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jack and Laura Dangermond Preserve"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Optimizing environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to maximize species detection while minimizing costs and effort remains a challenge, particularly in high-throughput workflows. In the marine intertidal zone off Point Conception, California, we compared eDNA richness accumulation between filtration approaches that differed in filter type and downstream processing, field and laboratory replicates, and independent and pooled polymerase chain reaction (PCR) replicates. Ten 10-cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    capsule filters and 10 5-cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    syringe disc filters were processed using a standardized laboratory workflow for 12S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) (marine vertebrates) and 18S rRNA (metazoans and phytoplankton) metabarcoding, with 10 independent PCR replicates per filter. Because capsules generated larger lysate volumes than discs, the fixed extraction input volume under the standardized workflow resulted in less lysate being processed. A follow-up study pooled 10 PCR replicates for 12S rRNA. When comparing individual PCR replicates, individual filters, or all filters aggregated, discs detected greater marine vertebrate richness than capsules. Probabilistic models indicated that varying effective volume alone could produce similar richness accumulation patterns to those observed, though other filter characteristics were unaccounted for. Minimal differences in richness accumulation were detected between filters for 18S rRNA, and modeling indicated that this was not explained by higher initial copies of 18S rRNA. Meanwhile, vertebrate richness accumulation was similar when adding PCR replicates from the same sample or independent field samples across the short, relatively homogenous intertidal transect. Pooling PCR replicates had no detectable difference on richness compared to sequencing PCR replicates independently: a single pooled PCR replicate detected the same vertebrate richness as the sum of 10 independent PCR replicates. These results show that, under the standardized workflow and conditions tested here, eDNA programs may reduce costs and effort without detectable loss of richness by using filtration approaches aligned with extraction input and pooling technical replicates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0350111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:34:26Z","timestamp":1789061666000},"page":"e0350111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cost-efficient filtration and replication strategies match or exceed detection sensitivity for marine eDNA diversity at an intertidal site under a standardized laboratory workflow"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6284-4987","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas O.","family":"Schulte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jonah Ventures","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Craine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jonah Ventures","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7615-3869","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica","family":"Devitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jonah Ventures","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galen W.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jonah Ventures","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Gaines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Science Institute, University of California","place":["Santa Barbara, California, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin D.","family":"Lafferty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Science Institute, University of California","place":["Santa Barbara, California, United States of America"]},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center","place":["Santa Barbara, California, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Altstatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Science Institute, University of California","place":["Santa Barbara, California, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0350111.ref001","article-title":"Past, present, and future perspectives of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding: A systematic review in methods, monitoring, and applications of global eDNA","volume":"17","author":"KM Ruppert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob Ecol Conserv"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-041421-082251","article-title":"Environmental DNA metabarcoding: a novel method for biodiversity monitoring of marine fish communities","volume":"14","author":"M Miya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Rev Mar Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0350111.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095525","article-title":"Is DNA barcoding actually cheaper and faster than traditional morphological methods: results from a survey of freshwater bioassessment efforts in the United States?","volume":"9","author":"ED Stein","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16847","article-title":"Metabarcoding is (usually) more cost effective than seining or qPCR for detecting tidewater gobies and other estuarine fishes","volume":"12","author":"K Lafferty","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0350111.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14478","article-title":"Scaling up: a guide to high-throughput genomic approaches for biodiversity analysis","volume":"27","author":"TM Porter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0350111.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12306","article-title":"REVIEW: The detection of aquatic animal species using environmental DNA \u2013 a review of eDNA as a survey tool in ecology","volume":"51","author":"HC Rees","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Appl Ecol"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2016.03.010","article-title":"Comparison of environmental DNA metabarcoding and conventional fish survey methods in a river system","volume":"197","author":"JLA Shaw","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Conserv"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s12595-018-0268-9","article-title":"Environmental DNA (eDNA): A promising biological survey tool for aquatic species detection","volume":"72","author":"D Senapati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Zool Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0350111.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/edn3.137","article-title":"How to design optimal eDNA sampling strategies for biomonitoring in river networks","volume":"3","author":"L Carraro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ DNA"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref010","article-title":"Towards robust and repeatable sampling methods in eDNA-based studies","author":"IA Dickie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0350111.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233522","article-title":"Optimizing an eDNA protocol for estuarine environments: Balancing sensitivity, cost and time","volume":"15","author":"TM Sanches","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0350111.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12531","article-title":"The importance of including imperfect detection models in eDNA experimental design","volume":"16","author":"JR Willoughby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2020.00135","article-title":"A systematic review of sources of variability and uncertainty in eDNA data for environmental monitoring","volume":"8","author":"C Mathieu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0350111.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1021\/es404734p","article-title":"Environmental conditions influence eDNA persistence in aquatic systems","volume":"48","author":"MA Barnes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0350111.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175186","article-title":"Aquatic environmental DNA detects seasonal fish abundance and habitat preference in an urban estuary","volume":"12","author":"MY Stoeckle","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0350111.ref016","first-page":"11708","article-title":"Application of environmental DNA metabarcoding for predicting anthropogenic pollution in rivers","volume":"52","author":"F Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0350111.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/edn3.430","article-title":"Quantifying biodiversity using eDNA from water bodies: General principles and recommendations for sampling designs","volume":"5","author":"F Altermatt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environmental DNA"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0350111.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236540","article-title":"Harnessing the power of eDNA metabarcoding for the detection of deep-sea fishes","volume":"15","author":"B McClenaghan","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0350111.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/edn3.130","article-title":"Species detection from aquatic eDNA: Assessing the importance of capture methods","volume":"3","author":"S Peixoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ DNA"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0350111.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12598","article-title":"Assessing the cost\u2010efficiency of environmental DNA sampling","volume":"7","author":"AS Smart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0350111.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13212","article-title":"A self\u2010preserving, partially biodegradable eDNA filter","volume":"10","author":"AC Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0350111.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13715","article-title":"Quantitative monitoring of diverse fish communities on a large scale combining eDNA metabarcoding and qPCR","volume":"23","author":"D Pont","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0350111.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12683","article-title":"Comparison of capture and storage methods for aqueous macrobial eDNA using an optimized extraction protocol: advantage of enclosed filter","volume":"8","author":"J Spens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0350111.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231718","article-title":"Comparing the efficiency of open and enclosed filtration systems in environmental DNA quantification for fish and jellyfish","volume":"15","author":"S Takahashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0350111.ref025","article-title":"An optimised eDNA protocol for detecting fish in lentic and lotic freshwaters using a small water volume","volume":"14","author":"TP Muha","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0350111.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13086","article-title":"Impacts of DNA extraction and PCR on DNA metabarcoding estimates of soil biodiversity","volume":"10","author":"A Dopheide","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0350111.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2008.0118","article-title":"Species detection using environmental DNA from water samples","volume":"4","author":"GF Ficetola","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0350111.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13105","article-title":"Assessment of fish communities using environmental DNA: Effect of spatial sampling design in lentic systems of different sizes","volume":"20","author":"S Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0350111.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12483","article-title":"A framework for estimating the sensitivity of eDNA surveys","volume":"16","author":"EM Furlan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0350111.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39399-5","article-title":"Optimizing environmental DNA sampling effort for fish inventories in tropical streams and rivers","volume":"9","author":"I Cantera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0350111.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48546-x","article-title":"Understanding PCR processes to draw meaningful conclusions from environmental DNA studies","volume":"9","author":"RP Kelly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2014.11.018","article-title":"Choice of capture and extraction methods affect detection of freshwater biodiversity from environmental DNA","volume":"183","author":"K Deiner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Conserv"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0350111.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3581","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40233-1","article-title":"Evaluation of detection probabilities at the water-filtering and initial PCR steps in environmental DNA metabarcoding using a multispecies site occupancy model","volume":"9","author":"H Doi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0350111.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15766","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.8239","article-title":"Revisiting the effect of PCR replication and sequencing depth on biodiversity metrics in environmental DNA metabarcoding","volume":"11","author":"S Shirazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol Evol"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1182562","article-title":"Insight into best practices: a review of long-term monitoring of the rocky intertidal zone of the Northeast Pacific Coast","volume":"10","author":"NJ Kaplanis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0350111.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150088","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.150088","article-title":"MiFish, a set of universal PCR primers for metabarcoding environmental DNA from fishes: detection of more than 230 subtropical marine species","volume":"2","author":"M Miya","year":"2015","journal-title":"R Soc Open Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0350111.ref037","article-title":"A method for studying protistan diversity using massively parallel sequencing of V9 hypervariable regions of small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes","volume":"4","author":"LA Amaral-Zettler","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref038","author":"D Buchner","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0350111.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-021-04267-5","article-title":"Pheniqs 2.0: accurate, high-performance Bayesian decoding and confidence estimation for combinatorial barcode indexing","volume":"22","author":"L Galanti","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.14806\/ej.17.1.200","article-title":"Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads","volume":"17","author":"M Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBnet j"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2584","article-title":"VSEARCH: a versatile open source tool for metagenomics","volume":"4","author":"T Rognes","year":"2016","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref042","first-page":"081257","article-title":"UNOISE2: improved error-correction for Illumina 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing","author":"RC Edgar","year":"2016","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref043","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref044","author":"TC Hsieh","year":"2022"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref045","volume-title":"vegan: Community Ecology Package","author":"J Oksanen","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0350111.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13107","article-title":"A practical guide to sample preservation and pre-PCR processing of aquatic environmental DNA","volume":"20","author":"G Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref047","article-title":"Comparing the efficiency of DNA extraction protocols across a multinational environmental DNA initiative","volume":"5","author":"L Rodriguez","year":"2024","journal-title":"ARPHA Preprints"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0350111.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.331","article-title":"Effects of sampling strategies and DNA extraction methods on eDNA metabarcoding: a case study of estuarine fish diversity monitoring","volume":"43","author":"H-T Ruan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zool Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0350111.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/edn3.557","article-title":"Environmental DNA storage and extraction method affects detectability for multiple aquatic invasive species","volume":"6","author":"SM Garc\u00eda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ DNA"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0350111.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/edn3.235","article-title":"One size does not fit all: Tuning eDNA protocols for high\u2010 and low\u2010turbidity water sampling","volume":"4","author":"G Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ DNA"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0350111.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40977-w","article-title":"Improving eDNA yield and inhibitor reduction through increased water volumes and multi-filter isolation techniques","volume":"9","author":"ME Hunter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0350111.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b04188","article-title":"Fishing in the water: effect of sampled water volume on environmental DNA-based detection of macroinvertebrates","volume":"50","author":"E M\u00e4chler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0350111.ref053","article-title":"Environmental DNA metabarcoding as a useful tool for evaluating terrestrial mammal diversity in tropical forests","volume":"31","author":"JL Mena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol Appl"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref054","author":"Z Gold","year":"2024"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref055","volume-title":"Monarch Spin gDNA Extraction Kit: Instruction Manual (version 5.0)","author":"New England Biolabs","year":"2025"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3897\/mbmg.2.28963","article-title":"Optimising the detection of marine taxonomic richness using environmental DNA metabarcoding: the effects of filter material, pore size and extraction method","volume":"2","author":"K Deiner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabarcoding Metagenomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0350111.ref057","article-title":"Environmental DNA metabarcoding differentiates between micro\u2010habitats within the rocky intertidal","volume":"6","author":"MM Shea","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ DNA"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0350111.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13481","article-title":"Assessing vertebrate biodiversity in a kelp forest ecosystem using environmental DNA","volume":"25","author":"JA Port","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3006","article-title":"Random sampling causes the low reproducibility of rare eukaryotic OTUs in Illumina COI metabarcoding","volume":"5","author":"M Leray","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0350111.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12849","article-title":"Scrutinizing key steps for reliable metabarcoding of environmental samples","volume":"9","author":"A Alberdi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0350111.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12162","article-title":"Reliable, verifiable and efficient monitoring of biodiversity via metabarcoding","volume":"16","author":"Y Ji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0350111.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13839","article-title":"Merging two eDNA metabarcoding approaches and citizen-science-based sampling to facilitate fish community monitoring along vast Sub-Saharan coastlines","volume":"23","author":"A Burian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0350111.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1002\/edn3.337","article-title":"An efficient early\u2010pooling protocol for environmental DNA metabarcoding","volume":"4","author":"M Ushio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ DNA"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0350111.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.14082","article-title":"Navigating methodological trade-offs in eDNA metabarcoding biodiversity monitoring: insights from a mediterranean watershed","volume":"25","author":"J Ver\u00edssimo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"pone.0350111.ref065","article-title":"Sequence depth, not PCR replication, improves ecological inference from next generation DNA sequencing","volume":"9","author":"DP Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0350111.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12338","article-title":"Replication levels, false presences and the estimation of the presence\/absence from eDNA metabarcoding data","volume":"15","author":"GF Ficetola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0350111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:34:42Z","timestamp":1789061682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0350111"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Petr","family":"Heneberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles University: Univerzita Karlova","place":["CZECHIA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0350111","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]}}}