{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T18:15:19Z","timestamp":1788286519599,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rufaida BioMeds","award":["RBM20230409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RBM20230409"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:italic>MDM2\u2013p53<\/jats:italic>\n                      signaling pathway plays a central role in tumor suppression, and genetic variants that disrupt this pathway may influence breast cancer (BC) susceptibility. However, data from South Asian populations, particularly Bangladesh, remain limited.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A case\u2013control study was conducted in Bangladeshi women, including BC patients and healthy controls (HCs). Genotyping of\n                      <jats:italic>MDM2<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphisms was performed using PCR-based methods. Circulating\n                      <jats:italic>MDM2<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>p53<\/jats:italic>\n                      protein levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Associations between genotype, protein levels, BC status, and clinicopathological features were evaluated using appropriate statistical models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Women carrying the heterozygous TG genotype had a markedly increased risk of BC across additive, dominant, and over-dominant models, whereas the GG genotype showed a protective effect under the recessive model. In contrast, rs937282 did not show a significant association with BC risk. Circulating\n                      <jats:italic>MDM2<\/jats:italic>\n                      levels were significantly elevated in patients compared with controls and varied by rs2279744 genotype, while circulating\n                      <jats:italic>p53<\/jats:italic>\n                      levels showed an opposite trend. A strong inverse correlation was observed between serum\n                      <jats:italic>MDM2<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>p53<\/jats:italic>\n                      levels, suggesting a potential association with the\n                      <jats:italic>MDM2\u2013p53<\/jats:italic>\n                      regulatory pathway. Elevated\n                      <jats:italic>MDM2<\/jats:italic>\n                      levels were also noted in\n                      <jats:italic>HER2-<\/jats:italic>\n                      positive and triple-positive BC subtypes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Together, these findings suggest that the\n                      <jats:italic>MDM2<\/jats:italic>\n                      rs2279744 polymorphism is associated with breast cancer susceptibility and genotype-specific differences in circulating\n                      <jats:italic>MDM2<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>p53<\/jats:italic>\n                      levels. However, the absence of functional validation limits direct causal inference.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0350622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:37:04Z","timestamp":1788284224000},"page":"e0350622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of MDM2 rs2279744 and rs937282 polymorphisms with breast cancer susceptibility and circulating MDM2 and p53 levels in Bangladeshi women: A case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4906-2985","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahim Hassan","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Lab, Rufaida BioMeds, Aftabnagar","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzana","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Lab, Rufaida BioMeds, Aftabnagar","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adiba Ayesha","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Lab, Rufaida BioMeds, Aftabnagar","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Ayman","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BRAC University, Kha 224 Bir Uttam Rafiqul Islam Avenue, Merul Badda","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"department":["Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nushaiba Binte","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Lab, Rufaida BioMeds, Aftabnagar","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahinul Islam","family":"Samrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Lab, Rufaida BioMeds, Aftabnagar","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrin Haque","family":"Tanisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BRAC University, Kha 224 Bir Uttam Rafiqul Islam Avenue, Merul Badda","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"department":["Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences"]},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Kha 224 Bir Uttam Rafiqul Islam Avenue, Merul Badda","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarin","family":"Tasnim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Lab, Rufaida BioMeds, Aftabnagar","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samiha","family":"Mahjabin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Lab, Rufaida BioMeds, Aftabnagar","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Nazmul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Medical University, Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"department":["Department of Rheumatology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1680-3006","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md. 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