{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T17:59:00Z","timestamp":1781287140405,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U01PS005259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U01PS005259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinic-based administration of long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LAI-ART) is resource-intensive and may exacerbate disparities in access to care. Home-based administration by trained layperson injectors, or treatment buddies (TBYs), could expand access to LAI-ART; however, maintaining high-quality clinical care requires selecting suitable TBYs for its implementation. This paper describes the development of the TBY Selection Tool to support people with HIV (PWH) in identifying appropriate TBYs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The tool development process consisted of 5 phases. In Phase 1, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 clinicians, 16 PWH, and 15 candidate TBYs. Transcripts were thematically coded to identify domains influencing TBY suitability. In Phase 2, draft items were developed and refined into a structured survey. In Phase 3, 7 PWH completed the tool during a 2-month pilot. In Phase 4, a Community Advisory Panel (CAP) (n\u2009=\u200910) reviewed items for clarity, relevance, and comprehensiveness. In Phase 5, feedback was incorporated to finalize the tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinicians emphasized the reliability of TBYs, the confidentiality of home-based injections, and the importance of adhering to injection schedules. PWH prioritized trust in the TBYs, TBY availability, and comfort with bodily intimacy. TBYs highlighted emotional steadiness, willingness to learn, and responsibility for continuity of care. These domains were operationalized into a survey assessing relationship history, reliability, confidentiality, availability, proximity, and comfort with injections. Pilot testing showed 100% completion without difficulties. CAP feedback led to refined wording, expanded response options, and clearer phrasing, which were used to finalize a 12-item survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TBY Selection Tool provides a structured framework to support PWH in identifying appropriate TBYs for home-based LAI-ART. By integrating clinical, individual, and community perspectives, the tool addresses factors important for the safe, acceptable, and feasible implementation of home-based LAI-ART. Psychometric assessment, scoring, and further validation in larger, more diverse populations is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0351213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T17:40:18Z","timestamp":1781286018000},"page":"e0351213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u201cPicking the right person \u2026 can make or break the whole deal\u201d: Development of a layperson injector selection tool for administration of home-based long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapies"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7537-6350","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Beth","family":"Bourdeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia T.","family":"Bolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Palomares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Van Nuys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Rebchook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mallory O.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Starley B.","family":"Shade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"O\u2019Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Buchacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kashif","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3793-5112","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Parya","family":"Saberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0351213.ref001","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Behavioral and clinical characteristics of persons with diagnosed HIV infection\u2014Medical Monitoring Project, United States 2020 Cycle (June 2020\u2013May 2021). [cited 2024 Aug 30]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv-data\/mmp\/behavioral-clinical-characteristics-pwh.html"},{"key":"pone.0351213.ref002","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Monitoring selected national HIV prevention and care objectives by using HUV suveillance data\u2014United States and 6 territories and freely associated states, 2022. Vol. 29; 2024. HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv-data\/nhss\/national-hiv-prevention-and-care-outcomes.html"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0351213.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000158","article-title":"Implementation challenges for long-acting antivirals as treatment","volume":"10","author":"D Havlir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0351213.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S520050","article-title":"Evaluating the fiscal impact of antiretroviral therapy for the management of HIV in the United States 1987-2023","volume":"17","author":"AT Paquete","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clinicoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"pone.0351213.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FDA News Release. FDA approves first extended-release, injectable drug regimen for adults living with HIV [press release]. [cited 2021 Mar 15]. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-approves-first-extended-release-injectable-drug-regimen-adults-living-hiv","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptdy.2021.02.007"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0351213.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2020.0126","article-title":"The LAIs are coming! Implementation science considerations for long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy in the United States: a scoping review","volume":"37","author":"JT Kanazawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retrovir"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0351213.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2018.1453805","article-title":"Treatment and prevention of HIV infection with long-acting antiretrovirals","volume":"11","author":"L Ben\u00edtez-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"pone.0351213.ref008","article-title":"CUSTOMIZE: Overall results from a hybrid III implementation-effectiveness study examining implementation of cabotegravir and rilpivirine long-acting injectable for HIV treatment in US healthcare settings; final patient and provider data","author":"M Czarnogorski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Abstract OAD0705"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0351213.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26006","article-title":"Perspectives of people living with HIV-1 on implementation of long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine in US healthcare settings: results from the CUSTOMIZE hybrid III implementation-effectiveness study","volume":"25","author":"CP Garris","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"pone.0351213.ref010","article-title":"U.S. patient preferences for long-acting HIV treatment: a discrete choice experiment","author":"SM Graham","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0351213.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1909512","article-title":"Long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine after oral induction for HIV-1 infection","volume":"382","author":"C Orkin","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10267","key":"pone.0351213.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32666-0","article-title":"Long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine dosed every 2 months in adults with HIV-1 infection (ATLAS-2M), 48-week results: a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3b, non-inferiority study","volume":"396","author":"ET Overton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0351213.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002337","article-title":"Multisite study of women living with HIV\u2019s perceived barriers to, and interest in, long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy","volume":"84","author":"MM Philbin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0351213.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002466","article-title":"Long-acting injectable cabotegravir + rilpivirine for HIV maintenance therapy: week 48 pooled analysis of phase 3 ATLAS and FLAIR trials","volume":"85","author":"G Rizzardini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0351213.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1904398","article-title":"Long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine for maintenance of HIV-1 suppression","volume":"382","author":"S Swindells","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0351213.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.3390\/v17070993","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators of implementation of the non-hospital-based administration of long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine in people with HIV: qualitative data from the HOLA study","volume":"17","author":"On Behalf Of The Hola Study Group","year":"2025","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0351213.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2018.0198","article-title":"Long-acting injectable antiretroviral treatment acceptability and preferences: a qualitative study among US providers, adults living with HIV, and parents of youth living with HIV","volume":"33","author":"JM Simoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0351213.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02701-7","article-title":"A conjoint analysis of the acceptability of targeted long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy among persons living with HIV in the U.S","volume":"24","author":"JM Simoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"pone.0351213.ref019","unstructured":"National HIV Strategic Plan (2022-2025). HIV.gov. [cited 2023 Feb 8]. Available from: https:\/\/files.hiv.gov\/s3fs-public\/NHAS-2022-At-A-Glance.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351213.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13190","article-title":"Evidence-based guidance for self-administration of injectable contraception","volume":"66","author":"M Marx","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"key":"pone.0351213.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890017","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2022.890017","article-title":"Contraceptive self-injection through routine service delivery: health worker perspectives from Uganda","volume":"3","author":"C Morozoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Glob Womens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351213.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1177\/15209156251363465","article-title":"Ease of use of the reusable duratouch pen injector in individuals with diabetes with and without previous pen injector experience: a handling study","volume":"28","author":"S Akhtar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0351213.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2025.46.250021","article-title":"Omalizumab home injection versus hospital administration in severe asthma: impact on asthma control","volume":"46","author":"B Arslan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0351213.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2018.39.4154","article-title":"Human factors study of a newly approved prefilled syringe of epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis","volume":"39","author":"RB Moss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351213.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-212675","article-title":"Delivery of long-term-injectable agents for TB by lay carers: pragmatic randomised trial","volume":"75","author":"DB Cohen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351213.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6015-3","article-title":"A qualitative evaluation of hospital versus community-based management of patients on injectable treatments for tuberculosis","volume":"18","author":"DB Cohen","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0351213.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2022.0020","article-title":"Roles, barriers, and recommendations for community health workers providing community-based HIV care in sub-Saharan Africa: a review","volume":"36","author":"S Ngcobo","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"pone.0351213.ref028","article-title":"Comparison of at-home versus in-clinic receipt of long-acting injectable cabotegravir\/rilpivirine","author":"SE Kirk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0351213.ref029","article-title":"1027. At-Home vs. In-Clinic Receipt of Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine Long-Acting: An Implementation Science Trial","volume":"10","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0351213.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2020.1764906","article-title":"Acceptability and preferences for long-acting antiretroviral formulations among people with HIV infection","volume":"33","author":"D Dandachi","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0351213.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s40271-023-00641-y","article-title":"Preferences of people living with HIV for long-acting antiretroviral treatment in Germany: evidence from a discrete choice experiment","volume":"16","author":"M Emmert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Patient"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0351213.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4180","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03357-y","article-title":"Transgender women\u2019s barriers, facilitators, and preferences on tailored injection delivery strategies to administer long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)","volume":"25","author":"CT Rael","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0351213.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02703-5","article-title":"Transgender women\u2019s concerns and preferences on potential future long-acting biomedical HIV prevention strategies: the case of injections and implanted medication delivery devices (IMDDs)","volume":"24","author":"CT Rael","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0351213.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae265","article-title":"Patient attitudes toward self- or partner-, friend-, or family-administered long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy: a mixed-methods study across 3 urban human immunodeficiency virus clinics","volume":"11","author":"LF Collins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0351213.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000003743","article-title":"Enthusiasm for participation in a novel, at-home delivery model for injectable HIV treatment among people with HIV","volume":"100","author":"M Palomares","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0351213.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac455","article-title":"Early experience implementing long-acting injectable cabotegravir\/rilpivirine for human immunodeficiency virus-1 treatment at a Ryan White-funded clinic in the US South","volume":"9","author":"LF Collins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0351213.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000003421","article-title":"Identifying implementation determinants and strategies for long-acting injectable cabotegravir-rilpivirine in people with HIV who are virally unsuppressed","volume":"96","author":"MD Hickey","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0351213.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad341","article-title":"Acceptability, feasibility, and appropriateness of implementation of long-acting injectable antiretrovirals: a national survey of Ryan White clinics in the United States","volume":"10","author":"A Tarfa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0351213.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2025.0024","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative perspectives of participants who received long-acting injectable cabotegravir-rilpivirine at home or in clinic","volume":"39","author":"AD Moreland","year":"2025","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0351213.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-097921","article-title":"Innovative administration of long-acting injectables for HIV treatment enhancement at home (INVITE-HOME): implementation science study protocol","volume":"15","author":"B Bourdeau","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"pone.0351213.ref041","article-title":"Facilitators and barriers to home-based long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy: clinician perspectives from the INVITE-home study","author":"AT Bolton","year":"2026","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0351213.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0341173","article-title":"Patient and injection partner perspectives on barriers and facilitators to home-based administration of long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy","volume":"21","author":"AT Bolton","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0351213.ref043","article-title":"Development of a layperson injector training for the home-based administration of long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapies for people with HIV","volume":"38","author":"B Bourdeau","year":"2026","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"key":"pone.0351213.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-022-03776-5","article-title":"Using the implementation research logic model as a lens to view experiences of implementing HIV prevention and care interventions with adolescent sexual minority men-a global perspective","volume":"27","author":"LE Nelson","year":"2023","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351213.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-020-01041-8","article-title":"The Implementation Research Logic Model: a method for planning, executing, reporting, and synthesizing implementation projects","volume":"15","author":"JD Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351213.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009863211233","article-title":"Role of adult learning theory in evaluating and designing strategies for teaching residents in ambulatory settings","volume":"5","author":"TL Laidley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract"},{"key":"pone.0351213.ref047","unstructured":"Cloud application for managing, analyzing, and presenting qualitative and mixed method research data. SocioCultural Research Consultants, LLC; 2023 [cited 2025 Sept 15]. Available from: https:\/\/dedoose.com"},{"key":"pone.0351213.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54395-6_53","article-title":"Questionnaire design.","volume-title":"The Palgrave handbook of survey research","author":"JA. Krosnick","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0351213.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1086\/269029","article-title":"An evaluation of a cognitive theory of response-order effects in survey measurement","volume":"51","author":"JA Krosnick","year":"1987","journal-title":"Public Opin Q"},{"key":"pone.0351213.ref050","author":"M Lewis-Beck","journal-title":"The SAGE encyclopedia of social science research methods"},{"key":"pone.0351213.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/10360-000","volume-title":"The psychology of couples and illness: theory, research, & practice","author":"KB Schmaling","year":"2000"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0351213.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(91)90385-P","article-title":"Social support as a double-edged sword: the relation of positive and problematic support to depression among rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"33","author":"TA Revenson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"pone.0351213.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104504","article-title":"The effects of a family-focused dyadic psychoeducational intervention for stroke survivors and their family caregivers: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"143","author":"H Mou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0351213.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-0021-0","article-title":"Primary relationships, HIV treatment adherence, and virologic control","volume":"16","author":"MO Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0351213.ref055","article-title":"What makes a peer? Characteristics of certified peer recovery support specialists in an emergency department-based intervention","volume":"18","author":"MR Kirk","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351213.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000710","article-title":"Impact of patient-selected care buddies on adherence to HIV care, disease progression, and conduct of daily life among pre-antiretroviral HIV-infected patients in Rakai, Uganda: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"70","author":"G Nakigozi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0351213.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105315571975","article-title":"A qualitative analysis of male couples\u2019 coping with HIV: disentangling the \u201cwe\u201d","volume":"21","author":"KE Gamarel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0351213.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407510364870","article-title":"Male same sex couple dynamics and received social support for HIV medication adherence","volume":"27","author":"J Wrubel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Soc Pers Relat"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0351213","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T17:40:32Z","timestamp":1781286032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0351213"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Omar","family":"Sued","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0351213","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]}}}