{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T17:59:26Z","timestamp":1781200766495,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Hospital\uff08the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University\uff09Clinical Capacity Enhancement Project","award":["JSPH-MC-2023-30"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSPH-MC-2023-30"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sepsis in children can be caused by a variety of pathogens, with bacteria and viruses being the most common. This study used metabolomics to identify differences in metabolic profiles and potential biomarkers among pathogens causing pediatric sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum metabolomic profiles of pediatric bacterial and viral sepsis were obtained from the MetaboLights database (MTBLS563). Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal PLS-DA were employed to explore metabolic distinctions. Differential expression metabolites (DEMs) were identified using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and variable importance in projection (VIP) scores. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) modeling, and Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis were conducted to determine diagnostic metabolites and evaluate model performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCA and PLS-DA revealed distinct metabolic profiles among bacterial pediatric sepsis (PBID_PS), viral pediatric sepsis (VID_PS), and healthy controls. Fourteen differential metabolites were identified, primarily enriched in nitrogen metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and the metabolism of alanine, aspartate, and glutamate. Among them, choline, glutamate, and glutamine exhibited strong discriminatory ability between PBID_PS and VID_PS. XGBoost and SHAP analyses confirmed these metabolites as key diagnostic indicators, achieving excellent predictive performance and revealing distinct metabolic reprogramming underlying different etiologies of pediatric sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metabolomic profiling revealed distinct metabolic signatures between bacterial and viral pediatric sepsis, with glutamate, glutamine, and choline serving as potential biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0351295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T17:22:12Z","timestamp":1781198532000},"page":"e0351295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metabolomics analysis identifies differential metabolites and 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