{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T18:13:56Z","timestamp":1783707236041,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To develop evidence-based audit indicators for urinary leakage prevention and management in ICU patients with indwelling catheters, to evaluate current clinical compliance with these indicators, and to analyze barriers and facilitators for evidence implementation using the JBI Clinical Evidence Application Model as a theoretical framework.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Using the Clinical Evidence Application Model from the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)Centre for Evidence in Healthcare in Australia as the theoretical framework,clinical nursing issues were identified.Literature searches were conducted,evidence was evaluated and synthesised,and review criteria and methods were established.Using convenience sampling,39 nurses and 75 indwelling catheterised patients in the General ICU(North Campus) of Wuxi Second People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China were selected for baseline review between April and May 2025.Barriers were analysed and change strategies developed based on baseline findings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 22 pieces of evidence on urinary leakage prevention and management for ICU patients with indwelling urinary catheters were introduced,leading to the formulation of 21 review indicators. And among those,16 showed that compliance rate was less than 60%. There were 27 barriers and 17 facilitators found by analysis. 25 change strategies were made according to this.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n There are big differences between what we know from research about how to stop or deal with urine leaking in intensive care patients who have a tube in their bladder and what doctors and nurses do in hospitals right now. We need special sets of rules called \u201cevidence-based practice protocols\u201d that use tricks from studies to help doctors and nurses give better care to sick people in the hospital.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0351406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T17:26:30Z","timestamp":1783704390000},"page":"e0351406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Implementing evidence-based practices for urinary leakage prevention in ICU patients with indwelling catheters: A JBI-guided baseline review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1950-7318","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hong","family":"Bian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1020-6389","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ping","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0351406.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-6-201309170-00006","article-title":"Determining the noninfectious complications of indwelling urethral catheters: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"159","author":"JM Hollingsworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0351406.ref002","first-page":"268","article-title":"Effect of an improved catheter balloon pre-flushing protocol based on key point control on preventing urine leakage in ICU patients with indwelling urinary catheters","volume":"36","author":"JY Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nurs Train"},{"key":"pone.0351406.ref003","article-title":"Effectiveness of nurse-led intervention on quality of life among patients with long-term indwelling urinary catheter","volume":"19","author":"S Simran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Urol Nurs"},{"key":"pone.0351406.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.156333","article-title":"Recent advances in anti-infective catheters for preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections","volume":"499","author":"LY Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0351406.ref005","first-page":"2521","article-title":"Interpretation of the APSIC guidelines for prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections","volume":"30","author":"YH Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin J Mod Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0351406.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2040108.054","article-title":"Catheter-related bladder discomfort: how can we manage it?","volume":"24","author":"EB Jang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Neurourol J"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0351406.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2960","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1539","article-title":"Development of a knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire on urine leakage with an indwelling urethral catheter for nurses in China","volume":"10","author":"H Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0351406.ref008","first-page":"796","article-title":"Promoting the translation of evidence into clinical practice (III): research topic selection and question formulation","volume":"35","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nurs Train"},{"key":"pone.0351406.ref009","author":"AJ Schaeffer","year":"2025"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0351406.ref010","first-page":"126","article-title":"Comprehensive strategies for reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs): a narrative review of evidence-based approaches in hospital settings","volume":"13","author":"SA Ilyas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob J Res Anal"},{"key":"pone.0351406.ref011","unstructured":"Geng V, Lurvink H, Pearce I, Lauridsen SV. 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