{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:39:34Z","timestamp":1793392774618,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003569","name":"Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2026-25548661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2026-25548661"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are globally developed for metabolic diseases, yet clinical trials have underrepresented Asian populations who develop metabolic complications at lower body mass index (BMI) values than Non-Asian populations. This cross-sectional study characterized eligibility criteria in 352 GLP-1 RA trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (2017\u20132020) and estimated the proportion of populations meeting these criteria using nationally representative health survey data from 23,251 adults (5,984 Non-Asian US, 353 Asian US, and 16,914 Korean) from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, US) and Korean NHANES (2021\u20132023). Mean BMI was substantially higher in Non-Asian US adults (29.8 kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) compared with Asian US (24.9 kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and Korean (24.2 kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) populations. BMI criteria, specified in 233 trials (66.2%), demonstrated the largest eligibility disparities. For trials requiring BMI\u2009\u2265\u200930 kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , eligibility was 41.5% for Non-Asian US versus 13.5% for Asian US and 7.2% for Korean adults. In contrast, HbA1c, eGFR, and liver function criteria showed minimal between-population differences (all\u2009&gt;\u200993% meeting typical thresholds). These findings suggest that fixed BMI eligibility criteria are associated with substantially lower estimated trial-eligible proportions among Asian populations, supporting further evaluation of ethnicity-sensitive BMI thresholds in future GLP-1 RA trial design.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0351415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T17:39:54Z","timestamp":1782409194000},"page":"e0351415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fixed BMI eligibility criteria for GLP-1 receptor agonist trials and estimated trial-eligible proportions in Asian and non-Asian populations: A cross-sectional analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ki Young","family":"Huh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3904-4735","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ildae","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0351415.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103363","article-title":"The expanding role of GLP-1 receptor agonists: a narrative review of current evidence and future directions","volume":"86","author":"A Moiz","year":"2025","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0351415.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.2252","article-title":"GLP-1 agonists for obesity \u2014 a new recipe for success?","volume":"331","author":"D 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