{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T19:33:34Z","timestamp":1783020814870,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to develop a machine learning model to predict activities of daily living (ADL) at discharge in stroke patients and identify key predictors to guide rehabilitation decisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data of 589 stroke inpatients (2019\u20132024) were split into good (BI\u2009\u2265\u200960) and poor (BI\u2009&lt;\u200960) ADL groups. Continuous variables were processed using Z-score normalization, followed by preliminary univariate regression screening (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and final feature selection via LASSO regression (lambda.1se\u2009=\u20090.0488). The screened features were used to train and validate ten machine learning algorithms; 30% of the dataset (n\u2009=\u2009177) was allocated as an independent test set for model evaluation, and SHAP analysis was performed to interpret the optimal model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six of 41 features were retained. Random forest achieved the best performance (AUC\u2009=\u20090.958; accuracy\u2009=\u20090.936; sensitivity\u2009=\u20090.934; specificity\u2009=\u20090.950). SHAP identified the top drivers: admission Barthel Index, standing balance, Brunnstrom stages (upper and lower limb), dressing, and grooming abilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ADL risk prediction model constructed using machine learning, particularly the random forest model, shows excellent predictive performance and clinical interpretability, making it valuable for individualized risk assessment of daily living skills in stroke patients at discharge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0351468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T18:10:30Z","timestamp":1783015830000},"page":"e0351468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Explainable machine learning for predicting activities of daily living at discharge in stroke patients: A retrospective study using SHAP interpretability"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7823-5899","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qian","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilin","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinggui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4392-3676","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lingling","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0351468.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00038-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"23","author":"GBD 2021 Nervous System Disorders Collaborators","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0351468.ref002","article-title":"Temporal trend and attributable risk factors of stroke burden in China, 1990-2019: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"6","author":"Q Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0351468.ref003","first-page":"565","article-title":"Summary of China Stroke Center Report 2022","volume":"21","author":"National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, China Stroke Center Alliance","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin J Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0351468.ref004","first-page":"459","article-title":"Prediction of the epidemic trend of ischemic stroke in China from 2020 to 2040","volume":"31","author":"SH Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chinese J Neuroimmunol Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0351468.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2021.1893563","article-title":"Health-related quality of life after ischemic stroke: impact of sociodemographic and clinical factors","volume":"43","author":"M Tsalta-Mladenov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"pone.0351468.ref006","article-title":"Quality of life after stroke: impact of clinical and sociodemographic factors","volume":"73","author":"MJM Ramos-Lima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351468.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000437068.30550.cf","article-title":"Factors influencing the decline in stroke mortality: a statement from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"45","author":"DT Lackland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"pone.0351468.ref008","first-page":"61","article-title":"Functional evaluation: the Barthel index","volume":"14","author":"FI Mahoney","year":"1965","journal-title":"Md State Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0351468.ref009","first-page":"100","article-title":"The stroke rehabilitation outcome study: Part II. Relative merits of the total Barthel index score and a four-item subscore in predicting patient outcomes","volume":"70","author":"CV Granger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0351468.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-018-1067-x","article-title":"The Charlson Comorbidity and Barthel Index predict length of hospital stay, mortality, cardiovascular mortality and rehospitalization in unselected older patients admitted to the emergency department","volume":"31","author":"A Bahrmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"pone.0351468.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478897","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1478897","article-title":"Proposal for a revised Barthel index classification based on mortality risk assessment in functional dependence for basic activities of daily living","volume":"12","author":"V Mart\u00edn Moreno","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0351468.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9612","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159612","article-title":"Changes in long-term functional independence in patients with moderate and severe ischemic stroke: comparison of the responsiveness of the modified Barthel index and the functional independence measure","volume":"19","author":"EY Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0351468.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.678615","article-title":"Reliability (inter-rater agreement) of the Barthel Index for assessment of stroke survivors: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"L Duffy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0351468.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000141977.18520.3b","article-title":"Quality of life after stroke: the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study (NEMESIS)","volume":"35","author":"JW Sturm","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0351468.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-3172-6","article-title":"Factors influencing pre-stroke and post-stroke quality of life among stroke survivors in a lower middle-income country","volume":"39","author":"PKB Mahesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0351468.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0000000000000156","article-title":"Determinants of disease-specific health-related quality of life in Turkish stroke survivors","volume":"39","author":"\u0130 Safaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Rehabil Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0351468.ref017","first-page":"968","article-title":"Functional recovery following rehabilitation after hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke","volume":"84","author":"PJ Kelly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0351468.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2009.03.002","article-title":"Do stroke patients with intracerebral hemorrhage have a better functional outcome than patients with cerebral infarction?","volume":"1","author":"PH Katrak","year":"2009","journal-title":"PM R"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0351468.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000102902.39759.D3","article-title":"Functional outcome of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients after inpatient rehabilitation: a matched comparison","volume":"34","author":"S Paolucci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0351468.ref020","article-title":"Machine learning in predicting outcomes for stroke patients following rehabilitation treatment: A systematic review","volume":"18","author":"W Zu","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351468.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-025-01548-5","article-title":"Machine learning techniques for independent gait recovery prediction in acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke","volume":"22","author":"J Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351468.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17522","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44802-3","article-title":"Application of deep learning technology for temporal analysis of videofluoroscopic swallowing studies","volume":"13","author":"SY Jeong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0351468.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251103","article-title":"Stroke outcome assessment: Optimizing cutoff scores for the Longshi Scale, modified Rankin Scale and Barthel Index","volume":"16","author":"M Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0351468.ref024","volume-title":"Rehabilitation Function Evaluation","author":"YL Wang","year":"2008"},{"key":"pone.0351468.ref025","volume-title":"Chinese rehabilitation medicine","author":"DH Zhuo","year":"2003","edition":"2"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0351468.ref026","first-page":"1808","article-title":"Construction and validation of a nomogram model based on influencing factors of activities of daily living in patients with ischemic stroke","volume":"40","author":"YT Ouyang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0351468.ref027","first-page":"179","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the simplified Chinese version of the modified Barthel Index in stroke patients during rehabilitation period","volume":"35","author":"SH Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0351468.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2012.04.003","article-title":"Random forests for genomic data analysis","volume":"99","author":"X Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351468.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-018-2264-5","article-title":"Random forest versus logistic regression: a large-scale benchmark experiment","volume":"19","author":"R Couronn\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351468.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4512","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31384-3","article-title":"Explaining a series of models by propagating Shapley values","volume":"13","author":"H Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351468.ref031","first-page":"14","article-title":"Stroke rehabilitation: analysis of repeated Barthel index measures","volume":"60","author":"CV Granger","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0351468.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(18)30037-5","article-title":"Development of a comprehensive assessment toolbox for stroke","volume":"15","author":"PW Duncan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0351468.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(89)90065-6","article-title":"Improving the sensitivity of the Barthel Index for stroke rehabilitation","volume":"42","author":"S Shah","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351468.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-019-01306-1","article-title":"Value of the Barthel scale in prognostic prediction for patients with cerebral infarction","volume":"20","author":"Q-X Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0351468.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.599035","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the Barthel Index for measuring activities of daily living outcome after ischemic hemispheric stroke: does early poststroke timing of assessment matter?","volume":"42","author":"G Kwakkel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0351468.ref036","article-title":"Estimation of the long-term care needs of stroke patients by integrating functional disability and survival","volume":"8","author":"M-C Hung","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0351468.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-203210","article-title":"Effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in brain plasticity, balance and functional ability in stroke survivors: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"UB Rahayu","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0351468.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.3639","article-title":"Effect of Cerebellar Stimulation on Gait and Balance Recovery in Patients With Hemiparetic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"76","author":"G Koch","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0351468.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104649","article-title":"Effect of early and intensive rehabilitation after ischemic stroke on functional recovery of the lower limbs: a pilot, randomized trial","volume":"29","author":"W-X Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0351468.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002374","article-title":"Effects of virtual reality-assisted and overground gait adaptation training on balance and walking ability in stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"103","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351468.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609304","DOI":"10.1080\/19932820.2019.1609304","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of modified constraint-induced movement therapy and intensive conventional therapy with a botulinum-a toxin injection on upper limb motor function recovery in patients with stroke","volume":"14","author":"M Nasb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Libyan J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0351468.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12013","article-title":"Utility of Functional Metrics Assessed During Acute Care on Hospital Outcomes: A Systematic Review","volume":"11","author":"C So","year":"2019","journal-title":"PM R"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0351468.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.7.1382","article-title":"Trunk control test as an early predictor of stroke rehabilitation outcome","volume":"28","author":"FP Franchignoni","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0351468.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2017.41.2.188","article-title":"Balance Assessment in Subacute Stroke Patients Using the Balance Control Trainer (BalPro)","volume":"41","author":"JW Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0351468.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-130996","article-title":"Trunk training exercises approaches for improving trunk performance and functional sitting balance in patients with stroke: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"R Cabanas-Vald\u00e9s","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0351468.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215505cr955oa","article-title":"Trunk performance after stroke and the relationship with balance, gait and functional ability","volume":"20","author":"G Verheyden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0351468.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006494","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2022.1006494","article-title":"Interpretable evaluation for the Brunnstrom recovery stage of the lower limb based on wearable sensors","volume":"16","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neuroinform"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0351468.ref048","article-title":"The Impact of Trunk Function and Lower Limb Paralysis on Independence in Activities of Daily Living Among Stroke Patients","volume":"17","author":"T Nishida","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0351468.ref049","article-title":"Factors Associated with Changes in Functional Independence after Six Months of Ischemic Stroke","volume":"13","author":"SM Yun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Neurorehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0351468.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2013.793411","article-title":"Long-term prediction of functional outcome after stroke using single items of the Barthel Index at discharge from rehabilitation centre","volume":"36","author":"L De Wit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0351468.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968321999064","article-title":"A first step toward the operationalization of the learned non-use phenomenon: a delphi study","volume":"35","author":"T Hirsch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"pone.0351468.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804211","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.804211","article-title":"Virtuous and vicious cycles of arm use and function post-stroke","volume":"13","author":"BR Ballester","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0351468.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13050717","article-title":"A Comprehensive review of physical therapy interventions for stroke rehabilitation: impairment-based approaches and functional goals","volume":"13","author":"J Shahid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0351468.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2021.2008595","article-title":"Early mobilization in acute stroke phase: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"J Mariana de Aquino Miranda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0351468.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683211011214","article-title":"A new definition of poststroke spasticity and the interference of spasticity with motor recovery from acute to chronic stages","volume":"35","author":"S Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"pone.0351468.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934670","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.934670","article-title":"Abnormal synergies and associated reactions post-hemiparetic stroke reflect muscle activation patterns of brainstem motor pathways","volume":"13","author":"LM McPherson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351468.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-021-00876-6","article-title":"Effect of post-stroke spasticity on voluntary movement of the upper limb","volume":"18","author":"H Lackritz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0351468.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00447.2021","article-title":"Dissociation between abnormal motor synergies and impaired reaching dexterity after stroke","volume":"127","author":"AM Hadjiosif","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"39","key":"pone.0351468.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2026676118","article-title":"Critical Period After Stroke Study (CPASS): A phase II clinical trial testing an optimal time for motor recovery after stroke in humans","volume":"118","author":"AW Dromerick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0351468.ref060","first-page":"2061","article-title":"Stroke recovery is a journey: prediction and potentials of motor recovery after a stroke from a practical perspective","volume":"13","author":"S Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0351468","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T18:10:41Z","timestamp":1783015841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0351468"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0351468","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]}}}