{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T17:55:54Z","timestamp":1781632554627,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mandibular two-implant overdentures are considered the standard of care for edentulous patients. The attachment system and the shape of the bone crest can significantly influence biomechanical behaviours. This study aimed to evaluate stress distribution in mandibular implant-supported overdentures using locator and bar attachments across various bone crest designs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FEA was performed on mandibular overdentures supported by two implants. Three crest configurations (flat, convex, and irregular) were modelled with either bar or locator attachments. A vertical force of 100 N was applied in three loading conditions: anterior, unilateral molar, and bilateral molar. Maximum von Mises stresses and principal stresses were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anterior loading resulted in the highest stresses across all groups, with peak values reaching 12 N\/mm\u00b2 in the convex and irregular models. Bilateral molar loading consistently produced the lowest and most uniform stress distributions, while unilateral loading caused intermediate stress concentrations on the working side. Uneven platforms significantly increased stress levels, particularly under unilateral bar loading. Locator attachments showed slightly reduced stresses after bilateral loading in irregular crest configurations. Stress concentrations were primarily localized at the implant neck and prosthetic connectors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stress distribution in mandibular overdentures is significantly influenced by loading direction, crest shape, and attachment mechanism. Anterior loading poses the highest biomechanical risk, while bilateral posterior loading provides optimal conditions. Vertical discrepancies in implant platforms heighten stress concentrations, underscoring the importance of careful surgical planning. Locator attachments offer limited biomechanical advantages in uneven crest scenarios, supporting their use in anatomically challenging cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0351498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T17:22:11Z","timestamp":1781630531000},"page":"e0351498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of attachment type and bone height in modulating stress distribution in mandibular overdentures: Insights from finite element analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Bur\u00e7 \u0130hsan","family":"Gencel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melahat","family":"\u00c7elik G\u00fcven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U\u011fur","family":"Mercan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3081-9618","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S\u00fcleyman \u00c7a\u011fatay","family":"Dayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onur","family":"Ge\u00e7kili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351498.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12010","article-title":"An analysis of the implant-supported overdenture in the edentulous mandible","volume":"40","author":"K-W Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0351498.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-4505.2012.00258.x","article-title":"Comparison of patient satisfaction, quality of life, and bite force between elderly edentulous patients wearing mandibular two implant-supported overdentures and conventional complete dentures after 4 years","volume":"32","author":"O Geckili","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spec Care Dentist"},{"key":"pone.0351498.ref003","first-page":"413","article-title":"The McGill consensus statement on overdentures","volume":"15","author":"JS Feine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0351498.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2009.728","article-title":"Mandibular two implant-supported overdentures as the first choice standard of care for edentulous patients--the York Consensus Statement","volume":"207","author":"JM Thomason","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0351498.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2017.9.5.371","article-title":"Effect of implant- and occlusal load location on stress distribution in Locator attachments of mandibular overdenture. 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