{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T17:58:04Z","timestamp":1781719084583,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Liaison Committee between the Central Norway Regional Health Authority (RHA) and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology"},{"name":"The Joint Research Committee between St. Olavs hospital and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The\n                    <jats:italic>FTO<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs9939609 risk allele is linked to risk of obesity. Whether causality involves fatty acid (FA) metabolism remains to be fully investigated in adults with obesity. We tested for associations of the risk allele with the FA composition of android and gynoid subcutaneous adipose tissue. We recruited 95 participants with obesity class 2 and 3 and without diabetes, median BMI 42.8 (25\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 75\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    percentiles: 39.5, 46.5) kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Participants carried no (TT, n\u2009=\u200933), one (AT, n\u2009=\u200931), or two (AA, n\u2009=\u200931) copies of the\n                    <jats:italic>FTO<\/jats:italic>\n                    risk allele. Biopsies were obtained by aspiration and total FA composition determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the cohort overall, there were no significant genotype associations with any single FA. In males with the TT allele, mass of oleic acid (18:1n-9) in the gynoid depot was higher compared with the AT allele when corrected for depot size. We interpret these findings with caution due to the small numbers of males with the TT genotype. Disregarding genotype, in the cohort overall, proportions of saturated FAs were higher, and proportions of monounsaturated FAs lower in android versus gynoid adipose tissue, confirming previous studies. We found previously unreported sex-related differences in FA composition (weight %) and content (weight % corrected for depot mass). Our findings on\n                    <jats:italic>FTO<\/jats:italic>\n                    genotype are generally negative; observations to the contrary require confirmation as does the non-genetic and novel results on sex-related differences.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0351698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T17:33:10Z","timestamp":1781717590000},"page":"e0351698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of the FTO rs9939609 risk allele on subcutaneous adipose tissue fatty acid composition in adults with obesity class 2 and 3"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1320-5078","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ingrid L\u00f8vold","family":"Mostad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valdemar","family":"Grill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sissel","family":"Skarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann Kristin Hjelle","family":"de Soysa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Fielding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5829","key":"pone.0351698.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1142364","article-title":"Replication of genome-wide association signals in UK samples reveals risk loci for type 2 diabetes","volume":"316","author":"E Zeggini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5826","key":"pone.0351698.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1141634","article-title":"A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity","volume":"316","author":"TM Frayling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0351698.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030115","article-title":"Genome-wide association scan shows genetic variants in the FTO gene are associated with obesity-related traits","volume":"3","author":"A Scuteri","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0351698.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3640","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0472","article-title":"Obesity associated genetic variation in FTO is associated with diminished satiety","volume":"93","author":"J Wardle","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351698.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2021.01.005","article-title":"Critical roles of FTO-mediated mRNA m6A demethylation in regulating adipogenesis and lipid metabolism: implications in lipid metabolic disorders","volume":"9","author":"Z Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0351698.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-020-0601-2","article-title":"NADP modulates RNA m6A methylation and adipogenesis via enhancing FTO activity","volume":"16","author":"L Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0351698.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2008.03.003","article-title":"Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and blood in humans and its use as a biomarker of dietary intake","volume":"47","author":"L Hodson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0351698.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1810","article-title":"Gluteofemoral adipose tissue plays a major role in production of the lipokine palmitoleate in humans","volume":"61","author":"KE Pinnick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0351698.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.106","article-title":"Depot-specific differences in fatty acid composition and distinct associations with lipogenic gene expression in abdominal adipose tissue of obese women","volume":"41","author":"P Petrus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0351698.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15090595","article-title":"Fatty acid profile and desaturase activity in obesity: roles, mechanisms, and clinical relevance","volume":"15","author":"M Banaszak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0351698.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37549-0","article-title":"Release of individual fatty acids from human adipose tissue in vivo after an overnight fast","volume":"37","author":"KJ Halliwell","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351698.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665119000624","article-title":"The impact of dietary fatty acids on human adipose tissue","volume":"79","author":"P Petrus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351698.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-026-01076-6","article-title":"Obesity is the culprit behind fatty acid-induced inflammation","volume":"23","author":"Y Guo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0351698.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092037","article-title":"Impact of the FTO gene variation on appetite and fat oxidation in young adults","volume":"15","author":"JG Ponce-Gonzalez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0351698.ref015","article-title":"The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene allele rs9939609 and glucose tolerance, hepatic and total insulin sensitivity, in adults with obesity","volume":"16","author":"AKH de Soysa","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0351698.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metop.2019.02.001","article-title":"Impact of a FTO gene risk variant on variables of energy metabolism in adults with obesity class 2 and 3","volume":"1","author":"AKH de Soysa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabol Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0351698.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100032","article-title":"Exploring dietary intake in adults with severe obesity and associations with the FTO rs9939609 genotypes","volume":"7","author":"AKH de Soysa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Dev Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351698.ref018","article-title":"Exploring associations between the FTO rs9939609 genotype and plasma concentrations of appetite-related hormones in adults with obesity","volume":"20","author":"AKH de Soysa","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0351698.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvad101","article-title":"NEFA dynamics in adults with severe obesity and insulin resistance: no coupling to the rs9939609 FTO risk allele","volume":"7","author":"IL Mostad","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"pone.0351698.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05903.x","article-title":"From GWAS to biology: lessons from FTO","volume":"1220","author":"Y-CL Tung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351698.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.227","article-title":"The bigger picture of FTO: the first GWAS-identified obesity gene","volume":"10","author":"RJF Loos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0351698.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-021-00414-z","article-title":"The genetics of obesity: from discovery to biology","volume":"23","author":"RJF Loos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0351698.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2012.11.003","article-title":"Micro-techniques for analysis of human adipose tissue fatty acid composition in dietary studies","volume":"23","author":"L Hodson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0351698.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00008.2024","article-title":"Sex differences in the metabolism of glucose and fatty acids by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in humans","volume":"105","author":"DN Costa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0351698.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M700448-JLR200","article-title":"The common rs9939609 gene variant of the fat mass- and obesity-associated gene FTO is related to fat cell lipolysis","volume":"49","author":"K W\u00e5hl\u00e9n","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0351698.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.286","article-title":"Gluteofemoral body fat as a determinant of metabolic health","volume":"34","author":"KN Manolopoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0351698.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600455","article-title":"Evidence for age-related differences in the fatty acid composition of human adipose tissue, independent of diet","volume":"51","author":"C Bolton-Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0351698.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14469","article-title":"Longitudinal effects of FTO gene polymorphism on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, inflammatory markers, and cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents. \u201cThe UP & DOWN study\u201d","volume":"33","author":"J Mier-Mota","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0351698.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020158","article-title":"Detailed analysis of variants in FTO in association with body composition in a cohort of 70-year-olds suggests a weakened effect among elderly","volume":"6","author":"JA Jacobsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0351698","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T17:33:20Z","timestamp":1781717600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0351698"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Marwan Salih","family":"Al-Nimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0351698","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]}}}