{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T18:37:22Z","timestamp":1792780642651,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"High Level Talents Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Quanzhou City","award":["2024QZC004YR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024QZC004YR"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a chronic inflammatory breast disease that causes substantial pain, cosmetic deformity, and psychosocial distress. Evidence directly comparing ultrasound-guided microwave ablation (MWA) with conventional surgery (CS) remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a two-center retrospective cohort study of consecutive women with core needle biopsy-confirmed GLM treated between March 2020 and February 2025. Treatment allocation was non-random and reflected routine clinical decision-making. The primary outcomes were overall cure and recurrence. Secondary outcomes included perioperative resource utilization and patient-reported outcomes assessed with a BREAST-Q domain-based questionnaire adapted for GLM follow-up. Baseline balance was described with both P values and standardized mean differences (SMDs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 233 patients (MWA, n\u2009=\u2009102; CS, n\u2009=\u2009131), overall cure was achieved in 97.06% and 96.18% of patients, respectively (risk difference, 0.88 percentage points; 95% CI, \u22123.76 to 5.51; P\u2009=\u20091.000). Recurrence occurred in 4.90% of the MWA group and 3.82% of the CS group (risk difference, 1.09 percentage points; 95% CI, \u22124.24 to 6.41; P\u2009=\u20090.751) during a median follow-up of 18.5 months. Compared with CS, MWA was associated with lower estimated blood loss, shorter procedure time, lower postoperative drainage burden, and shorter hospitalization (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while total hospitalization cost did not differ significantly. Questionnaire scores favored MWA for sexual well-being, breast satisfaction, and scar satisfaction, whereas psychological well-being, chest physical well-being, and satisfaction with the medical team were similar between groups. SMDs indicated some baseline imbalance, particularly for multiple-quadrant involvement and ultrasound lesion size.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective observational comparison, MWA and CS were associated with similarly high cure rates and low recurrence. MWA was additionally associated with lower perioperative burden and better breast- and scar-related satisfaction. Prospective studies with standardized co-interventions, confounding adjustment, and validated patient-reported outcome assessment are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0351776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T17:39:21Z","timestamp":1782495561000},"page":"e0351776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation versus conventional surgery for Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis: A two-center retrospective comparative 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