{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:41:09Z","timestamp":1790138469374,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The rapid emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria as well as the continued burden of malignant diseases requires the safe development of novel and multifunctional therapeutic agents. The WHO designated vancomycin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (VRSA) as \u201chigh priority\u201d AMR pathogen. Thus, this study aimed to ecofriendly synthesis of silver\u2013selenium nanocomposite (Ag\u2013Se NC) and evaluate its\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    anticancer effect and inhibitory activity against VRSA clinical isolates. Biogenic Ag\u2013Se NC was successfully synthesized using the aqueous peel extract of\n                    <jats:italic>Cucumis melo<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>C. melo<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) through an eco-friendly green synthesis approach. Following visual color transformation of the preparation mixture, nanocomposite formation was validated based on comprehensive physicochemical characterization using different spectroscopic analyses. The greenly synthesized Ag\u2013Se NC revealed the Ag and Se specific surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks, high crystallinity, and predominantly spherical morphology with an average particle size of ~35 nm. Biological evaluations revealed that Ag\u2013Se NC possesses selective cytotoxicity, displaying low toxicity toward WI-38 normal lung fibroblasts (IC\u2085\u2080\u2009=\u2009203.4 \u00b5g\/mL) while exerting a potent, concentration-reliant inhibitory effect towards malignant cell lines, including hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) with IC50 90.97 and 38.18 \u03bcg\/mL respectively. Furthermore, the Ag\u2013Se NC demonstrated appreciated antibacterial activity, in comparison with the linezolid standard antimicrobial agent, against 11 VRSA clinical isolates, with MIC values ranging from 64 to 512 \u00b5g\/mL and a mean MIC of 203.64 \u00b5g\/mL. The marked NC bactericidal effects were indicated by their minimum inhibitory concentration index (MICi) values of 1\u20134, rapid time-kill kinetics, and significant membrane disruption evidenced by the protein leakage assay. The obtained NC also exhibited a respected inhibitory effect against VRSA biofilm development, in the range of 34.68\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4\u201372.89\u2009\u00b1\u20091.87%, as well as a strain-dependent partial eradication effect on the fully formed bacterial biofilm, ranging from 16.81\u2009\u00b1\u20090.96 to 42.59\u2009\u00b1\u20090.78%. Notably, variable interactions were observed when Ag\u2013Se NC was combined with vancomycin against VRSA isolates; one isolate showed synergistic interaction with fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICi) = 0.5 and three isolates exhibited additive effects (FICi ranged from 0.5 to 1). In conclusion, these findings highlight Ag\u2013Se NC as a promising green-synthesized nanoplatform with combined anticancer and bacterial inhibitory effects in both planktonic and biofilm growth forms and antimicrobial\u2013potentiating activities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0351844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T18:09:59Z","timestamp":1783015799000},"page":"e0351844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biogenic Silver\u2013Selenium nanocomposite with anticancer activity and potent efficacy against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Abeer S.","family":"Aloufi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed S.","family":"Abdulrahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr H.","family":"Hashem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5622-7912","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Saied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abdel Tawab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Alsenani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami I.","family":"Alzarea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0915-2556","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fathy M.","family":"Elkady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351844.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-023-01291-3","article-title":"The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"MA Belete","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0351844.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100409","article-title":"Methicillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and associated risk factors among patients with wound infection in East Wallaga Zone, Western Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"M Abebe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect Prev Pract"},{"key":"pone.0351844.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118139","article-title":"Discovery of novel xanthotoxin-pyridine quaternary ammonium derivatives with membrane-targeting mode of action as potential antimicrobials against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"300","author":"S Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351844.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.2c01793","article-title":"Discovery of amphiphilic xanthohumol derivatives as membrane-targeting antimicrobials against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"66","author":"W Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0351844.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00486-24","article-title":"Insights into the molecular basis of reduced vancomycin susceptibility among three prominent Staphylococcus aureus clonal complexes","volume":"12","author":"N Malachowa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0351844.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2024.107154","article-title":"Mechanisms of acquisition of the vanA operon among vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus genomes: The tip of the iceberg?","volume":"63","author":"T Vo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"pone.0351844.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taziki M, Kenari AHG, Binesh EJMR. 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