{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T17:55:47Z","timestamp":1781805347087,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Pharmacists can play a key role in asthma management through patient education, inhaler technique assessment, and promoting evidence-based care. This study assessed Palestinian pharmacists\u2019 general asthma knowledge, asthma pharmaceutical care knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceived barriers to asthma management.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2025 in Palestine. Data were collected using a self-administered online questionnaire (convenience\/volunteer-response sampling; response rate not determinable). General asthma knowledge was scored by awarding 1 point per correct response (range 0\u201317) and categorized as poor (0\u20138), fair (9\u201311), and knowledgeable (12\u201317). Data were analyzed using SPSS, bivariate associations were tested using chi-square test, or Fisher\u2019s exact test, and multivariable linear regression was used to identify independent predictors. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 402 participants (137 male and 265 female) participated in this study. Overall, 57.2% were classified as knowledgeable in general asthma knowledge. Pharmacists working in hospital settings showed a significantly higher asthma knowledge in comparison with those working in community pharmacies (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.110, p\u2009=\u20090.032). However, the model explained minimal variance (R\u00b2\u2009=\u20090.037) and was not statistically significant overall (overall model p\u2009=\u20090.144). No pharmacists\u2019 characteristics were significantly associated with asthma pharmaceutical care knowledge (R\u00b2\u2009=\u20090.027; overall model p\u2009=\u20090.378) or attitudes and practices (R\u00b2\u2009=\u20090.014; overall model p\u2009=\u20090.850).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Pharmacists demonstrated mixed asthma knowledge with gaps relevant to updated guideline-based care, alongside practice barriers and clinically important practice gaps. Given the very low R\u00b2 values, observed associations should be interpreted cautiously. Structured continuing professional development and targeted training may improve pharmacists\u2019 uptake of updated recommendations and strengthen asthma pharmaceutical services.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0351933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T17:29:27Z","timestamp":1781803767000},"page":"e0351933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding asthma management among pharmacists in palestine: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Dima","family":"Masri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haneen","family":"Joulani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3232-0765","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alisse","family":"Nasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1933-5241","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dala N.","family":"Daraghmeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0351933.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2024.102140","article-title":"Pharmacists\u2019s knowledge, attitude, and practices towards pharmaceutical and patient-centred care in asthma management: a national study","volume":"32","author":"D \u00c7akmak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm J"},{"key":"pone.0351933.ref002","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Asthma - GINA. 2025 GINA Strategy Report - Global Initiative for Asthma - GINA; 2025. Available from: https:\/\/ginasthma.org\/2025-gina-strategy-report\/"},{"key":"pone.0351933.ref003","unstructured":"Asthma [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov 6]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/asthma"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351933.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-07518-0","article-title":"Community pharmacist counseling improves adherence and asthma control: a nationwide study","volume":"22","author":"B Putman","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351933.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.4103\/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_224_19","article-title":"Impact of pharmacist education on knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients using inhaler medications in obstructive airway diseases","volume":"15","author":"JA John","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0351933.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2015.06.002","article-title":"Contribution of community pharmacists in educating the asthma patients","volume":"24","author":"HS Alotaibi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351933.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s40545-022-00432-0","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacists regarding asthma management: a cross-sectional study in Egypt","volume":"15","author":"ASA Said","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pharm Policy Pract"},{"key":"pone.0351933.ref008","article-title":"32 Breathing easy with expert care: the crucial role of clinical pharmacist in severe asthma clinic","volume":"14","author":"A Ezzeldin","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open Qual"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351933.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190020927274","article-title":"Essential role of pharmacists in asthma care and management","volume":"34","author":"MB Bridgeman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pharm Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351933.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/MTSP.MTSP_1_20","article-title":"Assessment of community pharmacist\u2019s knowledge and skills about appropriate inhaler technique demonstration in Khartoum locality: a cross-sectional study","volume":"4","author":"A Omer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Matrix Sci Pharma"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0351933.ref011","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacists regarding asthma management: a cross-sectional study in Egypt","volume":"15","author":"ASA Said","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pharm policy Pract"},{"key":"pone.0351933.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S442396","article-title":"Role of community pharmacist in asthma management: knowledge, attitudes and practice","volume":"17","author":"AS Jarab","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"key":"pone.0351933.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S433149","article-title":"Knowledge and practice of healthcare professionals in the medical care of asthma adult patients in Jordan with a particular reference to adherence to GINA recommendations","volume":"17","author":"RA Al-Hamaden","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0351933.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2024.102140","article-title":"Pharmacists\u2019s knowledge, attitude, and practices towards pharmaceutical and patient-centred care in asthma management: a national study","volume":"32","author":"D \u00c7akmak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm J"},{"key":"pone.0351933.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106507","article-title":"Effectiveness of a pharmacist-led intervention on inhalation technique for asthma and COPD 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