{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T17:55:51Z","timestamp":1782496551048,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSP2028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSP2028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess care-seeking patterns and incident diabetes risk following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a prospective longitudinal cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Research design and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used data from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA)-based, prospective longitudinal study Epidemiology, Immunology, and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 (EPIC\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and electronic health records from participants with and without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection who were free from diabetes at baseline and enrolled between June 2020 and September 2022 (n\u2009=\u20091,212); participants were followed prospectively for a median of approximately 4 years. We fit Cox proportional hazard models to examine associations of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection with incident diabetes. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, BMI, education, and comorbidities, as well as number of laboratory test days in the year prior.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Men comprised 79.4% of the cohort. Median age was 50.1 (SARS-CoV-2\u2013positive) and 57.2 (SARS-CoV-2\u2013negative) years. After accounting for time-varying SARS-CoV-2 infection status, compared to participants with a negative test, participants with a positive test had fewer days\/year with clinic visits (18.2 vs. 25.4, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), laboratory tests of any kind (3.1 vs. 4.3, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and glucose tests (1.8 vs. 2.8, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) post-enrollment; however, the number of days\/year on which they had HbA1c tests was not significantly different (0.7 vs. 0.7, p\u2009=\u20090.094); diabetes incidence was 16.1 and 21.2 per 1,000 person-years in SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative groups, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 was not associated with adjusted diabetes-free survival overall, in inpatients or in outpatients (adjusted HRs: 0.82 [95% CI, 0.51\u20131.35], 1.03 [0.27\u20133.96], and 0.79 [0.44\u20131.39], respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although SARS-CoV-2\u2013positive participants used healthcare less often than those without, HbA1c testing rates were similar. We did not replicate prior reports of higher diabetes risk after SARS-CoV-2, although small sample size may have reduced power to detect modest associations. NCT: NCT05764083.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0351992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T17:43:18Z","timestamp":1782495798000},"page":"e0351992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with incident diabetes among U.S. Veterans in a prospective longitudinal cohort"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9965-7146","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liuye","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1603-6692","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tracy 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