{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T17:51:25Z","timestamp":1782323485118,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>HFE<\/jats:italic>\n                      p.C282Y (rs1800562) homozygotes, including those with normal iron phenotypes, have increased risks of infection and death from infections, although serum IgA and IgM in cohorts of adults with p.C282Y homozygosity are not reported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compiled serum IgA and IgM levels at diagnosis of hemochromatosis in probands with p.C282Y homozygosity, investigated associations of IgA and IgM with clinical characteristics, blood count measures, and iron phenotypes, and compared mean IgA and IgM of probands with combined\/weighted means of published adult European cohorts not selected for hemochromatosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 73 probands (36 men, 37 women; mean age 51\u2009\u00b1\u200913 y). Fifty probands (68.5%) had human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*03. Mean IgA\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation [95% confidence interval] was 2.11\u2009\u00b1\u20091.06 g\/L [1.87, 2.35]. Mean IgM was 1.11\u2009\u00b1\u20090.75 g\/L [0.94, 1.28]. IgM was inversely associated with age (Pearson\u2019s r\n                      <jats:sub>73<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u20130.2733; p\u2009=\u20090.019). A multiple regression on IgA revealed no significant association with other characteristics. A regression on IgM revealed one positive association (daily alcohol intake; p\u2009=\u20090.036) and one negative association (age; p\u2009=\u20090.016). Mean IgA of male and female probands and corresponding mean IgA of Europeans in two cohorts (918 men, 458 women) did not differ significantly. Mean IgM of probands was lower than the mean IgM of Europeans in four cohorts (men 1.03\u2009\u00b1\u20090.84 g\/L vs. 1.35\u2009\u00b1\u20090.55 g\/L (n\u2009=\u20091084), respectively (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001); women 1.18\u2009\u00b1\u20090.67 g\/L vs. 1.57\u2009\u00b1\u20090.68 g\/L (n\u2009=\u2009622), respectively (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001)).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There is no significant association of serum IgA in\n                      <jats:italic>HFE<\/jats:italic>\n                      p.C282Y homozygotes with the clinical and laboratory characteristics we studied. Serum IgM levels are positively associated with daily alcohol intake, are inversely associated with age, and are lower than those of Europeans not selected for hemochromatosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0352148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T17:27:47Z","timestamp":1782322067000},"page":"e0352148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum IgA and IgM levels in hemochromatosis probands with HFE p.C282Y homozygosity"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2876-8276","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James C.","family":"Barton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Clayborn","family":"Barton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi F.","family":"Bertoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald T.","family":"Acton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0352148.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.10.009","article-title":"HFE gene: Structure, function, mutations, and associated iron abnormalities","volume":"574","author":"JC Barton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0352148.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20150014","article-title":"Hepcidin: regulation of the master iron regulator","volume":"35","author":"G Rishi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosci 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transferrin saturation values, serum ferritin concentrations, and HFE genotypes in whites and blacks in the Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening Study","volume":"9","author":"JC Barton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genet Test"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0352148.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20201916","article-title":"Leukocyte telomere length is associated with iron overload in male adults with hereditary hemochromatosis","volume":"40","author":"M Mart\u00edn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0352148.ref008","first-page":"678","article-title":"Hemochromatosis.","volume-title":"Wintrobe\u2019s Clinical Hematology","author":"JC Barton","year":"2024"},{"key":"pone.0352148.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0012.3169","article-title":"Cirrhosis in hemochromatosis: independent risk factors in 368 HFE p.C282Y homozygotes","volume":"17","author":"JC 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