{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T19:00:02Z","timestamp":1783018802422,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic alcohol consumption induces multisystem dysfunction, including cardiovascular instability, hematological alterations, and oxidative stress imbalance. However, the extent of short-term recovery following structured detoxification remains incompletely characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the short-term effects of a standardized inpatient alcohol detoxification protocol on cardiovascular, hematological, and oxidative stress biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective observational before-and-after cohort study was conducted on 75 male participants, including 50 patients with alcohol use disorder and 25 healthy controls. Patients underwent a 21-day inpatient detoxification program comprising pharmacological stabilization and nutritional rehabilitation. Clinical and biochemical parameters\u2014including body mass index, vital signs, lipid profile, complete blood counts, troponin-I, and oxidative stress markers (TBARS, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase)\u2014were assessed at baseline and post-treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to healthy controls, treatment-na\u00efve patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) exhibited significantly elevated baseline levels of lymphocytes, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and catalase (CAT), alongside significantly lower heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Baseline anthropometric, vital, hematological, and metabolic markers\u2014including BMI, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hemoglobin (Hb), platelets, total white blood cell count (WBCs), cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), and triglycerides\u2014showed no statistically significant differences. Following a 21-day inpatient detoxification protocol, post-treatment assessments revealed significant increases in red blood cell parameters (RBCs, Hb, Hct), neutrophils, lymphocytes, NLR, and HDL. Conversely, standard detoxification induced significant reductions in cardiovascular, lipid, and oxidative stress indices, specifically HR, SBP, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), total WBCs, cTnI, total cholesterol, triglycerides, TBARS, and CAT. No significant post-treatment alterations were observed in BMI, DBP, platelet counts, LDL, or GPx.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short-term alcohol detoxification leads to partial recovery of cardiovascular and hematological parameters, while oxidative stress markers show limited normalization within the 21-day period. These findings highlight differential recovery patterns across biological systems following early abstinence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0352164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:53:20Z","timestamp":1783014800000},"page":"e0352164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short-term effects of alcohol detoxification on cardiovascular, hematological, and oxidative stress biomarkers: A prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1114-7580","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ashraf Mahmoud","family":"Emara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anoud Maseer Ateeq","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1427-032X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ahmad H.","family":"Alhowail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rehab Mohamed","family":"Elgharabawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0352164.ref001","first-page":"135","article-title":"The risks associated with alcohol use and alcoholism","volume":"34","author":"J Rehm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352164.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81777-5","article-title":"Effect of alcohol consumption on kidney function: population-based cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Y-J Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0352164.ref003","first-page":"245","article-title":"Overview: how is alcohol metabolized by the body?","volume":"29","author":"S Zakhari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"pone.0352164.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8416763","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8416763","article-title":"Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health","volume":"2017","author":"G Pizzino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352164.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.07.001","article-title":"Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease","volume":"39","author":"M Valko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0352164.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(01)00741-9","article-title":"Introduction-serial review: alcohol, oxidative stress and cell injury","volume":"31","author":"AI Cederbaum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0352164.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.002","article-title":"Alcohol metabolism","volume":"16","author":"AI Cederbaum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0352164.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021968526696","article-title":"Ethanol-induced cell death by lipid peroxidation in PC12 cells","volume":"22","author":"AY Sun","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352164.ref009","first-page":"42","article-title":"The hematological complications of alcoholism","volume":"21","author":"HS Ballard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352164.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02893039","article-title":"Biochemical diagnosis of alcoholism","volume":"20","author":"SK Das","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0352164.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-020-00237-9","article-title":"Adverse Effects of Chronic Alcohol Consumption","volume":"2","author":"S Mukharjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"SN Compr Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0352164.ref012","first-page":"112","article-title":"Blood collection and serum processing methods for biochemical analysis in human studies","volume":"45","author":"J Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0352164.ref013","first-page":"393","article-title":"Automatic ultra-micro distillation technique for determination of ethanol in blood and urine","volume":"12","author":"JC Buijten","year":"1975","journal-title":"Blutalkohol"},{"key":"pone.0352164.ref014","volume-title":"Celltac MEK-6410K Haematology Cell Counter","author":"Nihon Kohden Corporation","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0352164.ref015","first-page":"1202","article-title":"Use of troponin I as a marker for acute myocardial infarction","volume":"45","author":"FS Apple","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0352164.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/20.4.470","article-title":"Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol","volume":"20","author":"CC Allain","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0352164.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/28.10.2077","article-title":"Serum triglycerides determined colorimetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide","volume":"28","author":"P Fossati","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0352164.ref018","first-page":"494","article-title":"The rapid measurement of HDL cholesterol in serum or plasma by a direct method","volume":"16","author":"M Burstein","year":"1970","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0352164.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/23.5.882","article-title":"Cholesterol determination in high-density lipoproteins separated by a modified polyethylene glycol precipitation method","volume":"23","author":"MF Lopes-Virella","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0352164.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"WT Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"pone.0352164.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(90)86134-H","article-title":"Determination of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal","volume":"186","author":"H Esterbauer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"pone.0352164.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3","article-title":"Catalase in vitro","volume":"105","author":"H Aebi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352164.ref023","first-page":"158","article-title":"Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase","volume":"70","author":"DE Paglia","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0352164.ref024","first-page":"365","article-title":"Alcoholics\u2019 characteristics in Saudi Arabia","volume":"7","author":"A Albrithen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jordan J Soc Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0352164.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-019-00928-z","article-title":"Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Harmful Use of Alcohol Among Economically and Socially Disadvantaged Immigrant Patients in Italy","volume":"22","author":"A Di Napoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0352164.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v23n03_08","article-title":"Body mass index and alcohol use","volume":"23","author":"KD Kleiner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0352164.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2002.130","article-title":"Fat intake affects adiposity, comorbidity factors, and energy metabolism of sprague-dawley rats","volume":"10","author":"L Ghibaudi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352164.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/54.1.49","article-title":"Alcohol intake in relation to diet and obesity in women and men","volume":"54","author":"GA Colditz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0352164.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.527","article-title":"Alcohol consumption, weight gain, and risk of becoming overweight in middle-aged and older women","volume":"170","author":"L Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0352164.ref030","first-page":"473","article-title":"Drinking patterns and body mass index in the United States","volume":"161","author":"RA Breslow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0352164.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.91","article-title":"Cardiovascular risks and benefits of moderate and heavy alcohol consumption","volume":"12","author":"J Fern\u00e1ndez-Sol\u00e0","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0352164.ref032","first-page":"1740","article-title":"Alcohol and atrial fibrillation: a review of the literature","volume":"107","author":"SS Chugh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0352164.ref033","first-page":"825","article-title":"Effects of chronic alcohol consumption on heart rate variability","volume":"22","author":"S M\u00f8ller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"9753","key":"pone.0352164.ref034","first-page":"1303","article-title":"The relationship between alcohol consumption and mortality from liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"376","author":"J Rehm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0352164.ref035","first-page":"1606","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and its effects on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"288","author":"K Husain","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0352164.ref036","first-page":"824","article-title":"A review of alcohol and its effects on respiration","volume":"161","author":"AT McLellan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0352164.ref037","first-page":"1039","article-title":"Chronic alcohol use and its effect on the respiratory system","volume":"122","author":"JA Kline","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0352164.ref038","first-page":"1278","article-title":"Alcohol and sleep-disordered breathing: the role of alcohol in the pathogenesis of sleep apnea","volume":"157","author":"PV Tishler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0352164.ref039","first-page":"850","article-title":"Chronic alcohol consumption and its effects on temperature regulation","volume":"48","author":"M McKinney","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0352164.ref040","first-page":"229","article-title":"Booze and blood: the effects of acute and chronic alcohol abuse on the hematopoietic system","volume":"11","author":"EH Heermans","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"pone.0352164.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.08.039","article-title":"Folate deficiency in patients seeking treatment of alcohol use disorder","volume":"180","author":"A Sanvisens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0352164.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16121872","article-title":"Role of Folate in Liver Diseases","volume":"16","author":"M Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352164.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.23937\/2690-263X\/1710006","article-title":"Haematological Changes in Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders- An Overview","volume":"2","author":"J Raka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Arch Subst Abuse Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0352164.ref044","first-page":"175","article-title":"Comparison of haematological parameters in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease","volume":"52","author":"SK Das","year":"2011","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0352164.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.5958\/2394-6792.2016.00037.5","article-title":"Original article: Effect of Moderate consumption of Alcohol on Hematologic Profile of Indian Men","volume":"3","author":"N Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ind Jour of Path and Onc"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0352164.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.21276\/ijprhs.2016.05.15","article-title":"Hematological Profile of Alcohol Dependent subjects: Report from a Tertiary Care Treatment Centre in India","volume":"4","author":"R Quraishi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pharma Res Health Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0352164.ref047","first-page":"1176","article-title":"Study to compare hematological parameters in alcoholic and non-alcoholic individuals","volume":"9","author":"A Berad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352164.ref048","first-page":"22","article-title":"Chronic alcohol consumption alters leukocyte subsets","volume":"33","author":"L Jansson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0352164.ref049","first-page":"1222","article-title":"Chronic alcohol consumption and its effects on immune response in humans","volume":"75","author":"G M\u00fcnch","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352164.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.029","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to liver damage and increase defective low-density neutrophils in alcohol-associated hepatitis","volume":"78","author":"Y Cho","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"pone.0352164.ref051","first-page":"34","article-title":"The role of alcohol in the immune system","volume":"33","author":"G Szabo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0352164.ref052","first-page":"743","article-title":"Alcohol and the kidney: pathophysiology and clinical implications","volume":"43","author":"AI Cederbaum","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0352164.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(84)90057-0","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of alcohol with particular reference to the heart","volume":"1","author":"HS Friedman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"pone.0352164.ref054","article-title":"Alcoholic cardiomyopathy","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"A Shaaban","year":"2024"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0352164.ref055","first-page":"1212","article-title":"Troponin I and T levels in renal failure patients without acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"20","author":"DM Needham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0352164.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.08.029","article-title":"Elevated troponin level is not synonymous with myocardial infarction","volume":"111","author":"N Mahajan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0352164.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.14740\/jmc1895w","article-title":"Troponin I Elevation Due to Alcoholism in Absence of Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Case Report","volume":"5","author":"H Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Cases"},{"key":"pone.0352164.ref058","first-page":"333","article-title":"Effect of alcohol on serum lipids & lipoproteins in male drinkers","volume":"96","author":"S Vasisht","year":"1992","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0352164.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/33.11.2287","article-title":"Effects of alcohol ingestion on lipids and lipoproteins in normal men: isocaloric metabolic studies","volume":"33","author":"CJ Glueck","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0352164.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.9.981","article-title":"Effect of moderate alcohol consumption on hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"159","author":"HJ Pownall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0352164.ref061","first-page":"443","article-title":"Alcohol and cardiac risk","volume":"21","author":"M Cowie","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Appl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0352164.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-3933.ijam20193595","article-title":"Lipid profile and alcoholism","volume":"6","author":"S George","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Adv Med"},{"key":"pone.0352164.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(00)80077-3","article-title":"What is oxidative stress?","volume":"49","author":"DJ Betteridge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"pone.0352164.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201900193","article-title":"Evaluation of polymorphisms in repair and detoxification genes in alcohol drinkers and non-drinkers using capillary electrophoresis","volume":"41","author":"C Oliveira de Ara\u00fajo Melo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0352164.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(09)60374-0","article-title":"Alterations in oxidative stress status during early alcohol withdrawal in alcoholic patients","volume":"108","author":"M-C Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352164.ref066","first-page":"8","article-title":"Individual susceptibility and alcohol effects:biochemical and genetic aspects","volume":"42","author":"S Gemma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352164.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00017.2013","article-title":"Targeting aldehyde dehydrogenase 2: new therapeutic opportunities","volume":"94","author":"C-H Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0352164.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00282","article-title":"Alcohol Use Disorder, Neurodegeneration, Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Interplay Between Oxidative Stress, Neuroimmune Response and Excitotoxicity","volume":"14","author":"H Kamal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0352164.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a044987","article-title":"The effects of chronic ethanol consumption on hepatic mitochondrial energy metabolism","volume":"25","author":"CC Cunningham","year":"1990","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0352164.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/10715769900300371","article-title":"Chronic ethanol feeding causes oxidative stress in rat liver mitochondria. Prevention by S-adenosyl methionine","volume":"30","author":"J Sastre","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radical Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0352164.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1994.1127","article-title":"Increased production of reactive oxygen species by rat liver mitochondria after chronic ethanol treatment","volume":"309","author":"E Kukie\u0142ka","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352164.ref072","first-page":"11","article-title":"Contribution of mitochondria to oxidative stress associated with alcoholic liver disease","volume":"32","author":"SM Bailey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"pone.0352164.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390590967432","article-title":"Oxidative status in patients with alcohol dependence: a clinical study in Taiwan","volume":"68","author":"F-C Peng","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352164.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02893045","article-title":"Lipid peroxide levels and antioxidant status in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"20","author":"S Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0352164.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.155617","article-title":"Oxidative stress during alcohol withdrawal and its relationship with withdrawal severity","volume":"37","author":"R Parthasarathy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med"},{"issue":"6809","key":"pone.0352164.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/35041687","article-title":"Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing","volume":"408","author":"T Finkel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0352164.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3989-03.2004","article-title":"Glutathione peroxidase-catalase cooperativity is required for resistance to hydrogen peroxide by mature rat oligodendrocytes","volume":"24","author":"O Baud","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0352164.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x2023e12465","article-title":"Evaluation of oxidative stress markers in ethanol users","volume":"56","author":"L Moraes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0352164.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2004.10.005","article-title":"Dose response of alcohol-induced changes in BP, nitric oxide and antioxidants in rat plasma","volume":"51","author":"K Husain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0352164","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:53:32Z","timestamp":1783014812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0352164"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Marwan Salih","family":"Al-Nimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0352164","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]}}}