{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T12:00:12Z","timestamp":1788609612574,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In this study, we modeled gene expression profile data from Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and healthy cases. At first, the GEO-GSE9476 dataset was processed, and a total of 341 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in patients, and 599 DEGs in healthy individuals. Gene Ontology and pathway analysis on DEGs led to the identification of 5 Transcription Factors for patients and 3 for healthy cases. Analysis of the respective metabolic pathways revealed a common region in the metabolic pathway between AML and Tuberculosis (TB) that confirmed the validity of our procedure due to the consistency with similar reports. Upon PPI network analysis, Hub genes and three modules containing 41 up-regulated and down-regulated genes in AML patients were identified. Survival analysis on these genes results in reducing the number of identified effective genes into 3 upregulated (\n                    <jats:italic>ITGAM<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ITGAL<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>CD163<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and 5 downregulated genes (\n                    <jats:italic>MCM2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>MCM3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>RFC4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>RFC5<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>FEN1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Finally, drug sensitivity analysis was performed on these genes demonstrating complexity in drug-resistance due to the pattern of gene expression. This knowledge could potentially enable personalized treatment approaches based on individual patient responses due to the epigenetics and life style which affect gene expression pattern.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0352167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T17:23:49Z","timestamp":1785173029000},"page":"e0352167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A systems biology approach to find representative genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Behnam","family":"Aghajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Ghaemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8094-7517","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali M.","family":"Mosammam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emran","family":"Heshmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1758-0745","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Khosrow","family":"Khalifeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0352167.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm5030033","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia: a concise review","volume":"5","author":"JN Saultz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"pone.0352167.ref002","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia: a review","volume":"103","author":"A Pelcovits","year":"2020","journal-title":"R I Med J"},{"key":"pone.0352167.ref003","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia: a comprehensive review and 2016 update","author":"I De Kouchkovsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood Cancer Journal"},{"key":"pone.0352167.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5045\/br.2020.S001","article-title":"Classification of acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"55","author":"SM Hwang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352167.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75860-6","article-title":"Results of two consecutive treatment protocols in Polish children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"10","author":"J Zawitkowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352167.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58654-8","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of leukemia and results of treatment with intravitreal methotrexate","volume":"10","author":"V Vishnevskia-Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0352167.ref007","article-title":"A mathematical model for chemoimmunotherapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"349","author":"DS Rodrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Math Comput"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0352167.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-019-2654-z","article-title":"Recent treatment advances and the role of nanotechnology, combination products, and immunotherapy in changing the therapeutic landscape of acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"36","author":"KTJ Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352167.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0774-x","article-title":"Recent drug approvals for acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"12","author":"C Lai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"pone.0352167.ref010","volume-title":"Biotechnology and medicine","author":"JE Smith","year":"2009","edition":"5"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352167.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz078","article-title":"Smoking, drinking, diet and physical activity-modifiable lifestyle risk factors and their associations with age to first chronic disease","volume":"49","author":"R Ng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0352167.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.52700\/pjbb.v3i1.75","article-title":"Potential role of microbiota in the prevention and therapeutic management of infectious diseases","volume":"3","author":"A Shahid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pakistan J Biochem Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352167.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3390\/challe10010023","article-title":"Multiomics and systems biology are needed to unravel the complex origins of chronic disease","volume":"10","author":"D Martino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Challenges"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0352167.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv364","article-title":"The application of multi-omics and systems biology to identify therapeutic targets in chronic kidney disease","volume":"31","author":"K Cisek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0352167.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100094","article-title":"Pathway reconstruction of airway remodeling in chronic lung diseases: a systems biology approach","volume":"9","author":"A Najafi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0352167.ref016","article-title":"What is proteomics?","author":"AJ McArdle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0352167.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmw167","article-title":"Proteomics: technologies and their applications","volume":"55","author":"B Aslam","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Chromatogr Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352167.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03865-1","article-title":"Analysing the essential proteins set of Plasmodium falciparum PF3D7 for novel drug targets identification against malaria","volume":"20","author":"F Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0352167.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.20500","article-title":"Identification of genes with abnormal expression changes in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"47","author":"DL Stirewalt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer"},{"issue":"2065","key":"pone.0352167.ref020","first-page":"20150202","article-title":"Principal component analysis: a review and recent developments","volume":"374","author":"IT Jolliffe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci"},{"key":"pone.0352167.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz430","article-title":"GEPIA2: an enhanced web server for large-scale expression profiling and interactive analysis","volume":"47","author":"Z Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"pone.0352167.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad993","article-title":"BloodSpot 3.0: a database of gene and protein expression data in normal and malignant haematopoiesis","volume":"52","author":"MH G\u00edslason","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"pone.0352167.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3771","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty411","article-title":"GSCALite: a web server for gene set cancer analysis","volume":"34","author":"C-J Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pone.0352167.ref024","first-page":"865909","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia presenting with pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"2014","author":"M Thomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0352167.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-019-01334-1","article-title":"Successful treatment of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis presenting concomitantly with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"47","author":"JA Al-Tawfiq","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0352167.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/10245330600915818","article-title":"Tuberculosis in acute leukemia: a clinico-hematological profile","volume":"11","author":"P Mishra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0352167.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-022-00712-7","article-title":"Phenotypically-defined stages of leukemia arrest predict main driver mutations subgroups, and outcome in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"12","author":"F Vergez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"pone.0352167.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824562","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.824562","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia cells functionally compromise hematopoietic stem\/progenitor cells inhibiting normal hematopoiesis through the release of extracellular vesicles","volume":"12","author":"S Trino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0352167","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T17:23:56Z","timestamp":1785173036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0352167"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdelkarim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0352167","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]}}}