{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:26:31Z","timestamp":1786991191618,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sud Expert\u00a0Plantes\u00a0D\u00e9veloppement\u00a0Durable","award":["AAP3-97"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AAP3-97"]}]},{"name":"Labex\u00a0Agro","award":["ANR-10-LABX-0001-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-0001-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The diversity of cultivated bananas remains partially unknown, whereas cultivars with suitable adaptive traits could address the drastically increasing biotic and abiotic constraints on banana production. This partial knowledge also impacts our understanding of domestication processes, although replicating these processes is an endorsed strategy for banana varietal improvement. To address this gap, 91 specimens were collected during a collecting mission across northern Vietnam, northern Laos, and\u00a0China\u2019s\u00a0Yunnan region, an underexplored area at the northern limit of the\n                    <jats:italic>Musa<\/jats:italic>\n                    natural range. Native wild relatives were also collected (\n                    <jats:italic>Musa acuminata<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>burmannica<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>M. balbisiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>M. itinerans, M. yunnanensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) to assess their potential contributions to cultivated crops. SNP polymorphisms revealed that, beyond the globally cultivated sweet or starchy cultivars, farmers cultivate numerous previously undescribed landraces. SNP-based chromosome paintings further showed that all these landraces carry genomic signatures from endemic wild\n                    <jats:italic>Musa<\/jats:italic>\n                    relatives. Notably,\n                    <jats:italic>Musa acuminata<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>burmannica<\/jats:italic>\n                    , typically regarded as a minor contributor to cultivated bananas, was detected in several\n                    <jats:italic>M. acuminata<\/jats:italic>\n                    derived diploids (AA) and triploids (AAA) as well as\n                    <jats:italic>M. acuminata<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u00d7\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>M. balbisiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    derived AAB and ABB landraces. Remarkably, we also report here for the first time polyploid landraces containing a complete haplotype of the local\n                    <jats:italic>M. itinerans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Crucially, we showed that these landraces were not directly domesticated from the endemic wild\n                    <jats:italic>Musa<\/jats:italic>\n                    . They appear to result from local hybridizations of endemic wilds with exogenous AA diploids introduced into Mainland Southeast Asia from distant regions and originating from earlier domestication farther south. In addition, the various\n                    <jats:italic>M. acuminata<\/jats:italic>\n                    subspecies contributing to these exogenous diploids, provide arguments for an alternative eastern route of introduction via southern China or Taiwan and through the Philippines, distinct from the previously described western route via the Malay Peninsula, through Java, and Sumatra. We highlight an accumulation of genomic introgressions from native wild relatives, suggesting that banana diversity was shaped by an atypical process of cumulative diversification. This \u2018post-domestication\u2019 process is thought to enhance local adaptation through genes pyramiding. This multi-level genetic stacking is strengthened in bananas by polyploidy and vegetative propagation fixing any valuable combinations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0352247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:29:18Z","timestamp":1786987758000},"page":"e0352247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond domestication: The unexpected contribution of native Musa wild relatives to cultivated banana diversity in Mainland Southeast Asia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0092-003X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xavier","family":"Perrier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Sachter-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3389-1861","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Catherine","family":"Breton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronan","family":"Rivallan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8754-565X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Jacquemoud-Collet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Dubois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Sardos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Bakry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5754-5982","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthieu","family":"Chabannes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ng\u1ecdc-S\u00e2m","family":"L\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8934-4544","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas","family":"Haevermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ti\u1ebfn-D\u0169ng","family":"Tri\u1ec7u","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oudomphone","family":"Insisiengmay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Line","family":"Iskra-Caruana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6165-6888","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christophe","family":"Jenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0352247.ref001","volume-title":"Recueil Statistique Banane 2024","author":"C Dawson","year":"2025"},{"key":"pone.0352247.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8339.1955.tb00015.x","article-title":"The taxonomy and origins of the cultivated bananas","volume":"55","author":"NW Simmonds","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Linn Soc (Bot)"},{"key":"pone.0352247.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-71201-7_1","article-title":"Genetic improvement of banana","volume-title":"Breeding plantation tree crops: tropical species","author":"F Bakry","year":"2009"},{"key":"pone.0352247.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.17348\/era.7.0.165-177","article-title":"Why bananas matter: an introduction to the history of banana domestication","volume":"7","author":"E De Langhe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ethnobot Res App"},{"key":"pone.0352247.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.2307\/4114778","article-title":"Notes on banana taxonomy","volume":"14","author":"NW Simmonds","year":"1960","journal-title":"Kew Bulletin"},{"key":"pone.0352247.ref006","first-page":"281","article-title":"Wild bananas of Indonesia","volume-title":"Proceedings of the first PROSEA International Symposium Plant resources of South-East Asia","author":"RE. 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