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To overcome these challenges, CAR-T cells expressing interleukin-7 and CC chemokine ligand 19 (7\u2009\u00d7\u200919 CAR-T) were generated to achieve potent antitumor efficacy through the recruitment and proliferation of CAR-T cells and endogenous immune cells. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of 7\u2009\u00d7\u200919 CAR-T cells against solid tumors, we analyzed the cellular composition and gene expression profiles of host immune cells following CAR-T cell infusion in a murine solid tumor model. Antihuman CD20 7\u2009\u00d7\u200919 CAR-T cells were prepared using Thy 1.1 congenic mice and administered to C57BL\/6N mice bearing subcutaneous MC38 tumors expressing human CD20. The tumors were harvested 4 days postinfusion to capture early immune responses before overt tumor regression. CD90.1- recipient immune cells were subjected to flow cytometry analysis, and transcriptomic changes were determined using AmpliSeq and single-cell RNA seq. An increase in recipient CD8\u2009+\u2009T cells and macrophages was observed in the tumor of mice treated with 7\u2009\u00d7\u200919 CAR-T cells, but not with conventional CAR-T. The expression of chemokines and genes associated with the inflammatory pathway was upregulated only in recipient immune cells of the 7\u2009\u00d7\u200919 CAR-T-treated mice. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes and chemokines in the dendritic cell and monocyte\/macrophage populations. These results indicate that 7\u2009\u00d7\u200919 CAR-T cells initiate the early recruitment and activation of host immune cells, which contributes to their superior antitumor activity compared with conventional CAR-T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0352813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:25:31Z","timestamp":1784309131000},"page":"e0352813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gene expression profiling of recipient immune cells induced by 7 \u00d7 19 CAR-T cell dosing in a syngeneic mouse 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