{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:47:29Z","timestamp":1791478049251,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following over two decades of eliminated endemic transmission, Mexico experienced a significant measles resurgence in 2025\u201326. Declining vaccine coverage and pandemic-related service disruptions created subnational immunity gaps. We aimed to characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of this outbreak to identify areas of sustained transmission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective surveillance study of all confirmed measles cases reported nationally over a 50-week period (mid-February 2025 to February 10, 2026). Using municipal-level data and population projections, we applied Kulldorff\u2019s space\u2013time scan statistic (discrete Poisson model) to identify statistically significant clusters where incidence exceeded population-based expectations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 8,205 confirmed cases were reported across 337 municipalities during the study period. Overall, 23 space\u2013time clusters were identified, of which 19 were statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The primary cluster, located in northern Mexico between epidemiological weeks 6 and 30, represented the focus of transmission, encompassing 89 municipalities and 4,012 cases (relative risk [RR] = 103.7). Secondary clusters reflected additional transmission patterns, including a large late-phase cluster in western Mexico with 1,493 cases (RR\u2009=\u200931.5), as well as several smaller, short-duration micro-outbreaks with markedly elevated localized risk (RR\u2009&gt;\u2009200).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The resurgence of measles was characterized by marked subnational heterogeneity, with both sustained regional transmission and localized surges. A late-stage, low-intensity cluster spanning 244 municipalities suggested a transition toward more diffuse national transmission. These spatiotemporal patterns suggest that geographically differentiated approaches, including subnational surveillance and targeted \u201cmop-up\u201d immunization campaigns, may be needed to address immunity gaps and support efforts toward restoring Mexico\u2019s elimination status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0353018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T17:30:39Z","timestamp":1783359039000},"page":"e0353018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spatiotemporal dynamics of the 2025\u201326 measles resurgence in Mexico: A national scan\u2011statistic analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Oliver","family":"Mendoza-Cano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X\u00f3chitl","family":"Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2883-4619","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"R\u00edos-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime Alberto","family":"Bricio-Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6689-2783","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Agustin","family":"Lugo-Radillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Tapia-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Venegas-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eder Fernando","family":"R\u00edos-Bracamontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0788-4312","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Herguin Benjamin","family":"Cuevas-Arellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolitzy","family":"C\u00e1rdenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Aquino-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris Anecxi","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Vieyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Uribe-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Benites-God\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa 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