{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T18:09:56Z","timestamp":1784138996442,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013864","name":"NOAA Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["932-1489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["932-1489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013864","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013864","name":"NOAA Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["932-1905\/MA-009526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["932-1905\/MA-009526"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013864","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013864","name":"NOAA Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18786"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013864","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program","award":["NA09NMF4390236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA09NMF4390236"]}]},{"name":"John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program","award":["NA15NMF4390053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA15NMF4390053"]}]},{"name":"John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program","award":["NA20NMF4390115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA20NMF4390115"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Essential and non-essential elements can harm marine wildlife and impact ecosystems. Using liver (n\u2009=\u200935) and kidney (n\u2009=\u200917) samples from 35 animals from three distinct killer whale (\n                    <jats:italic>Orcinus orca<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) ecotypes (fish-eating residents, mammal-eating transients, and offshore shark-eating specialists) stranded from California to Alaska and Hawaii, we determined elemental concentrations (arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), methylmercury (MeHg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), thallium (Tl), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn)). Also, we evaluated associations with demographic and genetic factors. Calves had lower Cd than other life stages in kidney and liver tissue. Adult females had higher liver Se than calves and higher total mercury (tHg) in kidney and liver than calves. Adult males had higher liver Cd, tHg, and Se than calves. Residents had higher liver Mg, Mn, and Mo than transients. Linear regression showed life stage had some effect on the concentration of kidney Hg, and on the concentration of liver Mg, Mn, Mo, Cd, Hg, and Se. A prior study found no microscopic evidence of toxicosis in the tissues of examined animals. Population had some effect on liver Cd and Mg. Mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD Se:Hg molar ratios in kidney (0.871\u2009\u00b1\u20090.645) and liver (0.932\u2009\u00b1\u20090.940) were consistent with prior research (at or nearly 1:1), but ratios based on factors varied in kidney. These results expand knowledge of elements in northeastern Pacific killer whales.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0353196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T17:40:07Z","timestamp":1784137207000},"page":"e0353196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Concentrations of essential and non-essential elements in eastern North Pacific killer whales (Orcinus orca)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5841-5389","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Catherine F.","family":"Lo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6599-8797","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joseph K.","family":"Gaydos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Poppenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne","family":"Barre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6903-735X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kathy","family":"Burek-Huntington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Calambokidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Cottrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debbie","family":"Duffield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Huggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dyanna M.","family":"Lambourn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heindrich N.","family":"Snyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"St. Leger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Van Daele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristi L.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Forrest M.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Raverty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0353196.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1021\/ed062p917","article-title":"New perspectives on the essential trace elements","volume":"62","author":"E Frieden","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Chem Educ"},{"key":"pone.0353196.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2004.03.009","article-title":"Concentration and subcellular distribution of trace elements in liver of small cetaceans incidentally caught along the Brazilian coast","volume":"49","author":"T Kunito","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"pone.0353196.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1039\/9781839163470-00170","article-title":"Heavy metal impacts: An evaluation of toxicological concern in stranded odontocetes in southern South America.","volume-title":"Marsupial and placental mammal species in environmental risk assessment strategies","author":"I C\u00e1ceres-Saez","year":"2022"},{"key":"pone.0353196.ref004","unstructured":"Grant SH, Ross PS. 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