{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T18:18:53Z","timestamp":1783621133078,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are central to the specifier with Limited Prosocial Emotions in the DSM-5 and ICD-11, reflecting severe emotional and behavioral disturbances. Despite the global use of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU), no validated version existed in Urdu. The aim of the present study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Urdu version of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU-U) among Pakistani youth. The study consisted of three phases: translation and cultural adaptation of the instrument, assessment of test-retest reliability, and evaluation of structural validity through confirmatory factor analysis, alongside testing of convergent and discriminant validity. Test-retest reliability with bilingual youth (N\u2009=\u200960) was excellent, with the Urdu\u2013Urdu condition demonstrating the highest stability. CFA conducted on a sample of 300 young adults (aged 18\u201325) supported a refined 12-item two-factor model (Callousness and Uncaring) over the original three-factor and bifactor models, aligning with previous international findings. Internal consistency for both subscales was satisfactory, and the ICU-U demonstrated strong convergent and discriminant validity through expected associations with criminal sentiments and self-control measures. The findings establish the ICU-U as a culturally relevant and psychometrically sound instrument for identifying CU traits in Urdu-speaking populations. Its use holds promise in clinical, educational, and forensic settings for early detection and intervention planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0353300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T17:37:42Z","timestamp":1783618662000},"page":"e0353300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychometric evaluation of the Urdu version of Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits: A multi-phase validation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1411-7328","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sania","family":"Mazher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sobia","family":"Masood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0353300.ref001","first-page":"64","article-title":"American psychiatric association, 2013, diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn, washington, dc: American psychiatric association anderson, j, sapey, b, spandler, h (eds.), 2012, distress or disability?, lancaster: Centre for disability research","volume":"347","author":"M Harm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arya"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0353300.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.5771\/0943-7444-2022-7-496","article-title":"International Classification of Diseases (ICD)","volume":"49","author":"Y Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"KO"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0353300.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12152","article-title":"Annual research review: A developmental psychopathology approach to understanding callous-unemotional traits in children and adolescents with serious conduct problems","volume":"55","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0353300.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033076","article-title":"Can callous-unemotional traits enhance the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of serious conduct problems in children and adolescents? 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