{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T18:07:40Z","timestamp":1784052460813,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000121","name":"Ontario Council on Graduate Studies, Council of Ontario Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OGS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OGS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000121","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024256","name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Urban Health Equity Research Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Urban Health Equity Research Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024256","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although studies of alcohol use have explored the experiences of various ethnocultural communities in diverse countries such as Canada, there is a noticeable gap in primary research concerning the experiences of Korean immigrant women. With alcohol consumption rising among women relative to men in recent decades, a critical understanding of existing knowledge on alcohol use through the lenses of culture and gender is essential.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Research Question<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>What is the current state of evidence on alcohol use among Korean immigrant women?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review was conducted using the five-stage framework adapted from Arksey and O\u2019Malley (2005) and extended by Levac et al. (2010), with reporting guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute PRISMA-ScR framework. Inclusion criteria comprised primary studies focused on both Korean immigrant women and alcohol use, from Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand, restricted to adult ages and English-language publications. Inductive thematic analysis as outlined by Gottlieb et al. (2021) was employed to extract themes from the included articles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven articles met the inclusion criteria, all from the United States, revealing no existing research on this topic from any other eligible country. Three major sociocultural themes influencing alcohol use were identified: acculturation, religion, and social networks. Additional contextual factors including immigration-related stress and traditional Korean drinking customs were noted as plausible but less consistently reported influences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings underscore the importance of adopting culturally sensitive, gender-specific approaches in public health initiatives targeting alcohol use among Korean immigrant women. Substantial gaps remain, particularly regarding the Canadian context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0353742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T17:29:05Z","timestamp":1784050145000},"page":"e0353742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sociocultural factors influencing alcohol use among Korean immigrant women: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0306-9860","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Catherine","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1835-3804","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Butac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyoun S.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosanra","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine Pui-Hing","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0353742.ref001","author":"Statistics Canada","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0353742.ref002","author":"Statistics Canada","year":"2007"},{"key":"pone.0353742.ref003","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2025"},{"key":"pone.0353742.ref004","author":"Center Pew Research","year":"2025"},{"key":"pone.0353742.ref005","author":"Office for National Statistics","year":"2022"},{"key":"pone.0353742.ref006","author":"Office for National Statistics","year":"2022"},{"key":"pone.0353742.ref007","author":"NZ Stats","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0353742.ref008","article-title":"Recent Trend and Associated Factors of Harmful Alcohol Use Based on Age and Gender in Korea","volume":"33","author":"SA Choe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0353742.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semvascsurg.2022.09.001","article-title":"Systematic and scoping reviews: A comparison and overview","volume":"35","author":"SA Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0353742.ref010","first-page":"5769","article-title":"Drinking patterns and alcohol consumption among Korean women aged 19 and older: results from the 2020 Korean Community Health Survey","volume":"18","author":"J Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0353742.ref011","first-page":"45","article-title":"Relapse experience in Korean women diagnosed with alcohol dependence: a qualitative study","volume":"38","author":"E Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alcohol Treat Q"},{"key":"pone.0353742.ref012","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phenomenological study on the relapse of females with alcohol dependence experiences in South Korea","author":"SK Kang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Soc Work Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0353742.ref013","first-page":"324","article-title":"Gender-specific associations between alcohol consumption and injury prevalence in Korea: data from the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey 2010\u20132012","volume":"52","author":"SY Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0353742.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/07399330903215627","article-title":"The evolution of drinking motivations among Korean women with alcohol dependence","volume":"31","author":"W Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Care Women Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0353742.ref015","article-title":"Effects of alcohol consumption patterns and marital status on all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older Koreans: a prospective cohort study","volume":"15","author":"S Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0353742.ref016","first-page":"365","article-title":"Workplace gender discrimination and onset of problematic alcohol use among female wage workers in South Korea: a longitudinal study","volume":"61","author":"H Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0353742.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-022-00297-3","article-title":"Therapeutic community-oriented day treatment programme for Korean women with alcohol use disorder: feasibility and outcomes","volume":"17","author":"I Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0353742.ref018","first-page":"560","article-title":"Gender differences in harmful alcohol use and associated factors: results from the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey 2012\u20132015","volume":"19","author":"JY Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0353742.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.24171\/j.phrp.2019.10.4.02","article-title":"Gender differences in harmful use of alcohol among Korean adults","volume":"10","author":"E Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osong Public Health Res Perspect"},{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0353742.ref020","article-title":"Gender-specific relationship between alcohol consumption and injury in the South Korean adults: A nationwide cross-sectional study","volume":"96","author":"EY Rha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0353742.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2010.08.006","article-title":"Cultural and social network predictors of drinking among Korean American women","volume":"45","author":"JW Ayers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0353742.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2009.70.890","article-title":"Exploring religious mechanisms for healthy alcohol use: religious messages and drinking among Korean women in California","volume":"70","author":"JW Ayers","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"pone.0353742.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijintrel.2022.03.006","article-title":"Factors predicting the use of different coping strategies among Korean immigrant women in the United States","volume":"88","author":"E Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Intercultural Relations"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0353742.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000340","article-title":"Acculturation and alcohol use among Asian Americans: a meta-analytic review","volume":"32","author":"PP Lui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0353742.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-011-9552-8","article-title":"Health risk behaviors among five Asian American subgroups in California: identifying intervention priorities","volume":"14","author":"AE Maxwell","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0353742.ref026","first-page":"1073","article-title":"A bi-national comparative study of health behaviors of Koreans in South Korea and Korean Americans in California","volume":"15","author":"SY Ryu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0353742.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-011-9471-y","article-title":"Do christian denominations exhibit higher rates of alcohol consumption? A study of Korean American women in California","volume":"52","author":"DE Kang Sim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Relig Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0353742.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/15332560802108597","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of alcohol drinking and acculturation issues faced by Korean immigrants in the United States","volume":"8","author":"SH Yun","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Soc Work Pract Addict"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0353742.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640.2011.547791","article-title":"Ethno-cultural differences in the use of alcohol and other drugs: evidence from the Vancouver youth drug reporting system","volume":"10","author":"C Duff","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Ethn Subst Abuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0353742.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jspn.12296","article-title":"Factors related to heavy drinking between British Columbia Asian adolescents and South Korean adolescents","volume":"25","author":"KH Joung","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Spec Pediatr Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0353742.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s10823-009-9104-z","article-title":"Drinking culture of elderly Korean immigrants in Canada: a focus group study","volume":"24","author":"W Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cross Cult Gerontol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0353742.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1177\/0733464810384115","article-title":"How gender and religion influence alcohol use in elderly Korean immigrants","volume":"31","author":"W Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Appl Gerontol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0353742.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2190\/AG.73.4.a","article-title":"The social determinants of depression in elderly Korean immigrants in Canada: does acculturation matter?","volume":"73","author":"W Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Aging Hum Dev"},{"key":"pone.0353742.ref034","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0353742.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"H Arksey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol"},{"key":"pone.0353742.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69","article-title":"Scoping studies: advancing the methodology","volume":"5","author":"D Levac","year":"2010","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0353742.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0353742.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3163\/1536-5050.104.2.009","article-title":"Variation in number of hits for complex searches in Google Scholar","volume":"104","author":"WM Bramer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Libr Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0353742.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-018-2958-5","article-title":"Google scholar to overshadow them all? Comparing the sizes of 12 academic search engines and bibliographic databases","volume":"118","author":"M Gusenbauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0353742.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1520","article-title":"The age of abundant scholarly information and its synthesis- A time when \u201cjust google it\u201d is no longer enough","volume":"12","author":"M Gusenbauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0353742.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1378","article-title":"Which academic search systems are suitable for systematic reviews or meta-analyses? Evaluating retrieval qualities of Google Scholar, PubMed, and 26 other resources","volume":"11","author":"M Gusenbauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0353742.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/28354","article-title":"Types of errors hiding in google scholar data","volume":"24","author":"R Sauvayre","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0353742.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/aet2.10609","article-title":"The scoping review: a flexible, inclusive, and iterative approach to knowledge synthesis","volume":"5","author":"M Gottlieb","year":"2021","journal-title":"AEM Educ Train"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0353742.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/soc4.12821","article-title":"Theorizing race and settler colonialism within U.S. sociology","volume":"14","author":"DL McKay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sociology Compass"},{"key":"pone.0353742.ref045","article-title":"Race, space, and the law: unmapping a White settler society.","volume-title":"Toronto","author":"M. Siemiatycki","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0353742.ref046","first-page":"8","article-title":"Decolonizing Feminism: Challenging Connections between Settler Colonialism and Heteropatriarchy.","volume":"25","author":"M Arvin","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0353742.ref047","volume-title":"Christianity in modern Korea","author":"DN Clark","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0353742.ref048","first-page":"272","article-title":"Korean immigrant women and church communities in the United States","volume":"8","author":"J Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immigr Refugee Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0353742.ref049","first-page":"1","article-title":"Drinking and belonging: alcohol, emotion, and transnational Korean identities","volume":"21","author":"H Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Ethnicity"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0353742.ref050","first-page":"299","article-title":"Coping with racialized gender expectations: Korean immigrant women and health behaviors","volume":"26","author":"J Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ethn Cult Divers Soc Work"},{"key":"pone.0353742.ref051","author":"Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0353742.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v38.1.03","article-title":"Under-researched demographics: heavy episodic drinking and alcohol-related problems among Asian Americans","volume":"38","author":"DK Iwamoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0353742.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1037\/aap0000238","article-title":"Racial discrimination, distress, coping motives, and alcohol-related problems among U.S.-born Asian American young adults","volume":"13","author":"DK Iwamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian American J Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0353742.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109059","article-title":"Debunking the myth of low behavioral risk among Asian Americans: The case of alcohol use","volume":"228","author":"AH Hai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0353742.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21824-2","article-title":"Perceived discrimination and coping with substance use among Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional analysis","volume":"25","author":"AM Bacong","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0353742.ref056","first-page":"973","article-title":"Alcohol disorders among Asian Americans: associations with unfair treatment, racial\/ethnic discrimination, and ethnic identification","volume":"62","author":"DH Chae","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0353742.ref057","first-page":"49","article-title":"A Review of the Korean Cultural Syndrome Hwa-Byung: Suggestions for Theory and Intervention","volume":"4","author":"J Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asia Taepyongyang Sangdam Yongu"},{"key":"pone.0353742.ref058","author":"Y Jeoung-Nam","year":"1997"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0353742.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15036","article-title":"Evidence for an alcohol-related \u201charm paradox\u201d in individuals with internalizing disorders: Test and replication in two independent community samples","volume":"47","author":"JJ Anker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0353742.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/10436596211023977","article-title":"Level of Acculturation and Acculturative Stress Perceived by Asian Immigrant Women Married to South Korean Men","volume":"33","author":"MA Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Transcult Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0353742.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3138\/jcfs.52.1.004","article-title":"The association between oldest son status and co-residence with parents across periods and cohorts in South Korea","volume":"52","author":"J Yoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Comp Fam Stud"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0353742.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1080\/08952841.2024.2328809","article-title":"Daughters rewarding mothers\u2019 piteous lives: Eldest daughters caring for aging mothers","volume":"36","author":"Y Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Women Aging"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0353742.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4472","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094472","article-title":"Women, Patriarchy and Health Inequalities: The Urgent Need to Reorient Our Systems","volume":"18","author":"A Matheson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0353742.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/irom.12072","article-title":"Identifying and dismantling patriarchy and other systems of oppression of women: gender analysis, feminist theology, and the church in mission","volume":"104","author":"E Neuenfeldt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Rev Mission"},{"key":"pone.0353742.ref065","first-page":"111","article-title":"Submission is an alienation","author":"M Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"We are not born submissive: how patriarchy shapes women\u2019s lives"},{"key":"pone.0353742.ref066","author":"Hong Fook Mental Health Association","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0353742","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T17:29:13Z","timestamp":1784050153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0353742"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Fagundo-Rivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0353742","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]}}}