{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:41:38Z","timestamp":1788327698854,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["228.017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["228.017\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Altered sensitivity to environmental stimuli is a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that may drive vulnerability to stress-related and anxiety disorders. To investigate this relationship, we evaluated autonomic and behavioral responses to tactile, nociceptive, and social stressors in juvenile Wistar rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid (VPA), a well-established model of ASD. VPA-exposed and saline-treated control (CTL) rats were subjected to a behavioral paradigm measuring defecation, freezing, and ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in response to handling, electro-tactile stimulation, classical fear conditioning, and an emotional contagion task. Compared to CTLs, VPA rats exhibited sustained hyperdefecation during handling and a higher prevalence of defecation during electro-tactile stimulation, independent of freezing changes. During fear conditioning, VPA rats demonstrated a delayed onset but subsequent enhancement of freezing responses, alongside disrupted temporal coordination between freezing and defecation behaviors. 22-kHz USVs positively correlated with freezing across both groups. In the emotional contagion task, observing a distressed conspecific increased freezing prevalence and suppressed vocalization rates in both cohorts; however, these effects were prolonged in VPA rats, which showed persistent freezing and an earlier reduction in vocalization rate. These findings indicate that VPA-treated rats display heightened stress reactivity, habituation deficit and suggest disrupted coordination of fear responses, supporting the VPA model as a relevant tool for investigating the neurobiological basis of stress vulnerability and social dysfunction in ASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0353839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:30:29Z","timestamp":1784309429000},"page":"e0353839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Altered stress and fear responses in the VPA rat model of autism: Behavioral dissociation across tactile, nociceptive, and social contexts"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0389-4519","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Debora","family":"Hashiguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Luiza","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Neves","family":"Romcy-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0353839.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11091267","article-title":"Research mapping of trauma experiences in autism spectrum disorders: a bibliometric analysis","volume":"11","author":"O 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