{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T19:08:44Z","timestamp":1784833724728,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human\u2013wildlife conflict involving primates is an emerging conservation concern in rapidly urbanizing regions. The hamadryas baboon (\n                    <jats:italic>Papio hamadryas<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), the only native non-human primate of the Arabian Peninsula, increasingly exploits anthropogenic food sources, intensifying human\u2013baboon conflict across southwestern Saudi Arabia. To examine how human-modified environments influence baboon spatial ecology; we fitted GPS collars to ten adult males representing groups that are regarded as living in urban, natural and semi-natural environments across five regions. Over nine months, we collected 13,962 location fixes and analyzed them using empirical variograms, home range analysis, and minimum daily path length estimates. Variogram analyses indicated that baboons living in a natural environment exhibited the greatest space-use extent, semi-natural individuals showed intermediate and more variable space-use dynamics, whereas baboons living in urban areas displayed restricted movement. Hamadryas baboons living in natural environments exhibited the largest home ranges with a median of 8.79 km\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (range: 6.19\u201313.86 km\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and minimum daily path lengths with median 3.33 km (range 0.02\u201320.6 km), whereas baboons living in urban areas maintained the smallest ranges with a median of 1.31 km\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (range: 1.24\u20131.79 km\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and the minimum daily path lengths with a median of 2.16 km (range: 0.01\u20134.85 km). The proportion of daytime spent in urban areas increased along the gradient, 7.2% (natural), 40.6% (semi-natural), and 55.0% (urban). These findings support the Resource Dispersion Hypothesis, suggesting that food predictability shapes baboon space use more than resource scarcity. The study strengthens ongoing conflict-mitigation efforts by providing insights into baboon movement patterns and supporting the ecological differentiation of natural, semi-natural, and urban baboon groups, thereby informing category-specific management interventions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0354133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:57:47Z","timestamp":1784833067000},"page":"e0354133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of urban association on the movement ecology of hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3550-6250","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zaffar Rais","family":"Mir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8865-8389","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paula","family":"Pebsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Hardman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh","family":"Ala\u2019amri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Alahmari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Almalki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Boug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354133.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-04882-170313","article-title":"Monkey management: using spatial ecology to understand the extent and severity of human\u2013baboon conflict in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa","volume":"17","author":"TS Hoffman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0354133.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-017-9962-0","article-title":"The implications of primate behavioral flexibility for sustainable human\u2013primate coexistence in anthropogenic habitats","volume":"38","author":"MR McLennan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Primatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354133.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3406\/revec.1994.2478","article-title":"Food competition between vervets (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) and farmers in Barbados\u2002: implications for management","volume":"49","author":"J Horrocks","year":"1994","journal-title":"revec"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354133.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3406\/revec.1994.2479","article-title":"Prospects for management of primate pests","volume":"49","author":"SC Strum","year":"1994","journal-title":"revec"},{"key":"pone.0354133.ref005","article-title":"Human\u2013olive baboon (Papio anubis) conflict in the human-modified landscape, Wollo, Ethiopia","volume":"31","author":"Z Kifle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Ecol Conserv"},{"key":"pone.0354133.ref006","first-page":"1107","article-title":"Economic and social impacts of conflict between hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) and humans in Saudi Arabia","volume":"11","author":"FM Angelici","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Primatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0354133.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-017-9951-3","article-title":"Primate crop feeding behavior, crop protection, and conservation","volume":"38","author":"CM Hill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Primatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354133.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-009-9387-5","article-title":"The Development of Primate Raiding: Implications for Management and Conservation","volume":"31","author":"SC Strum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Primatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354133.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21504","article-title":"Female \u201cdispersal\u201d in hamadryas baboons: transfer among social units in a multilevel society","volume":"145","author":"L Swedell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0354133.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1659\/MRD-JOURNAL-D-15-00030.1","article-title":"Attitudes of local people toward wildlife conservation: a case study from the Kashmir Valley","volume":"35","author":"ZR Mir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mt Res Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0354133.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0141-6707.2000.00299.x","article-title":"The conflict between vervet monkeys and farmers at the forest edge in Entebbe, Uganda","volume":"39","author":"TL Saj","year":"2001","journal-title":"African Journal of Ecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0354133.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-012-9620-5","article-title":"Factors Influencing the Ranging Behavior of Chacma Baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus) Living in a Human-Modified Habitat","volume":"33","author":"PA Pebsworth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Primatol"},{"key":"pone.0354133.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gecco.2023.e02498","article-title":"Assessment of crop foraging by hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) in and around Borena-Sayint National Park, northern Ethiopia","volume":"44","author":"H Ibrahim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Global Ecology and Conservation"},{"key":"pone.0354133.ref014","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reassessing hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) in Saudi Arabia after more than three decades: A Maxent-based population estimation and distribution study","author":"A Boug","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Primatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354133.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02547815","article-title":"The distribution of Papio hamadryas in Saudi Arabia: ecological correlates and human influence","volume":"13","author":"S Biquand","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Primatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0354133.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-024-02806-z","article-title":"The decline of the Arabian leopard (Panthera pardus nimr) in Saudi Arabia: a values-based plan for future management","volume":"33","author":"MZ Islam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biodivers Conserv"},{"key":"pone.0354133.ref017","volume-title":"Study of Papio hamadryas in Saudi Arabia: the problem of commensalism","author":"S Biquand","year":"1989"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354133.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16010047","article-title":"Coexistence of Humans and Hamadryas Baboons in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia-Emotional, Social, and Financial Aspects","volume":"16","author":"S Alghamdi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354133.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194717","article-title":"Home range utilization by chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) troops on Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve, South Africa","volume":"13","author":"K Slater","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0354133.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.23248","article-title":"Home range, sleeping site use, and band fissioning in hamadryas baboons: Improved estimates using GPS collars","volume":"83","author":"MC Henriquez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Primatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0354133.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(05)80206-4","article-title":"Habitat use and resource availability in baboons","volume":"43","author":"RA Barton","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0354133.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2664.1998.3540596.x","article-title":"Temporal patterns of crop-raiding by primates: linking food availability in croplands and adjacent forest","volume":"35","author":"L Naughton-Treves","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Appl Ecol"},{"key":"pone.0354133.ref023","author":"C Johnson","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354133.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15057","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14871-2","article-title":"Extreme behavioural shifts by baboons exploiting risky, resource-rich, human-modified environments","volume":"7","author":"G Fehlmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0354133.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.7114","article-title":"Insights into short- and long-term crop-foraging strategies in a chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) from GPS and accelerometer data","volume":"11","author":"BJ Walton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0354133.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.5194\/pb-4-143-2017","article-title":"Estimation of baboon daily travel distances by means of point sampling - the magnitude of underestimation","volume":"4","author":"H Sennhenn-Reulen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Primate Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0354133.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s10329-012-0307-5","article-title":"Evaluating home range techniques: use of Global Positioning System (GPS) collar data from chacma baboons","volume":"53","author":"PA Pebsworth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Primates"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354133.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s40462-025-00534-9","article-title":"Impact of food availability and predator presence on patterns of landscape partitioning among neighbouring Guinea baboon (Papio papio) parties","volume":"13","author":"L Ohrndorf","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mov Ecol"},{"key":"pone.0354133.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-021-00247-x","article-title":"Socioecology Explains Individual Variation in Urban Space Use in Response to Management in Cape Chacma Baboons (Papio ursinus)","volume":"43","author":"AM Bracken","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Primatol"},{"key":"pone.0354133.ref030","author":"A Boug","year":"1995"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0354133.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/jzo.12202","article-title":"Patchwork planet: the resource dispersion hypothesis, society, and the ecology of life","volume":"295","author":"DW Macdonald","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Zool"},{"issue":"5899","key":"pone.0354133.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/301379a0","article-title":"The ecology of carnivore social behaviour","volume":"301","author":"DW Macdonald","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0354133.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00320408","article-title":"Resource base, parity, and reproductive condition affect females\u2019 feeding time and nutrient intake within and between groups of a baboon population","volume":"87","author":"P Muruthi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354133.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/15324982.2023.2169846","article-title":"Climatology and phytogeography of Saudi Arabia. A review","volume":"37","author":"OH Sayed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arid Land Research and Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354133.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010703611820","article-title":"Distribution and Habitat Associations of Baboons (Papio hamadryas) in Central Eritrea","volume":"22","author":"D Zinner","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Primatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354133.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95450-4","article-title":"Impact of elevation and slope aspect on floristic composition in wadi Elkor, Sarawat Mountain, Saudi Arabia","volume":"11","author":"MA Fadl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0354133.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1017\/S0030605300006992","article-title":"The Large Mammals in Arabia","volume":"9","author":"DL Harrison","year":"1968","journal-title":"Oryx"},{"key":"pone.0354133.ref038","volume-title":"The birds of Saudi Arabia: a checklist","author":"MC Jennings","year":"1981"},{"key":"pone.0354133.ref039","first-page":"352","article-title":"A key and annotated checklist of the lizards and amphisbaenians of Arabia","volume":"8","author":"EN Arnold","year":"1986","journal-title":"Fauna Saudi Arabia"},{"key":"pone.0354133.ref040","volume-title":"The mammals of Arabia","author":"DL Harrison","year":"1991"},{"key":"pone.0354133.ref041","volume-title":"Social organization of hamadryas baboons: a field study","author":"H Kummer","year":"1968"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0354133.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12559","article-title":"ctmm: anrpackage for analyzing animal relocation data as a continuous\u2010time stochastic process","volume":"7","author":"JM Calabrese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0354133.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1890\/14-2010.1","article-title":"Rigorous home range estimation with movement data: a new autocorrelated kernel density estimator","volume":"96","author":"CH Fleming","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354133.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03201046","article-title":"Simulation analyses of space use: Home range estimates, variability, and sample size","volume":"16","author":"M Bekoff","year":"1984","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers"},{"issue":"6241","key":"pone.0354133.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa5099","article-title":"Group decisions. Shared decision-making drives collective movement in wild baboons","volume":"348","author":"A Strandburg-Peshkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354133.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s10329-020-00793-7","article-title":"Review of GPS collar deployments and performance on nonhuman primates","volume":"61","author":"KM Dore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Primates"},{"key":"pone.0354133.ref047","first-page":"373","article-title":"The Aggressive Apes? Causes and Contexts of Great Ape Attacks on Local Persons","volume-title":"Problematic Wildlife","author":"MR McLennan","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0354133.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1086\/675504","article-title":"From fine-scale foraging to home ranges: a semivariance approach to identifying movement modes across spatiotemporal scales","volume":"183","author":"CH Fleming","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354133.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.1350150304","article-title":"Differences in daily life between semiprovisioned and wild-feeding baboons","volume":"15","author":"J Altmann","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Primatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0354133.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140961","article-title":"Primates, Provisioning and Plants: Impacts of Human Cultural Behaviours on Primate Ecological Functions","volume":"10","author":"A Sengupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354133.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00173778","article-title":"Constraints on group size in primates and carnivores: population density and day-range as assays of exploitation competition","volume":"32","author":"RW Wrangham","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0354133.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s002650050420","article-title":"Movements of vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops) and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) as estimators of food resource size, density, and distribution","volume":"42","author":"LA Isbell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"key":"pone.0354133.ref053","first-page":"60","volume-title":"Monkeys on the edge: ecology and management of long-tailed macaques and their interface with humans","author":"A Fuentes","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0354133.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-021-00220-8","article-title":"The relationship between GPS sampling interval and estimated daily travel distances in chacma baboons (Papio ursinus)","volume":"42","author":"R McCann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Primatol"},{"key":"pone.0354133.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.15.110184.002515","article-title":"Optimal foraging theory: a critical review","volume":"15","author":"GH Pyke","year":"1984","journal-title":"Annu Rev Ecol Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354133.ref056","first-page":"307","article-title":"The response of commensal hamadryas baboons to seasonal reduction in food provisioning","volume":"49","author":"A Boug","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rev Ecol"},{"key":"pone.0354133.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10741","DOI":"10.11609\/jott.3348.9.10.10741-10756","article-title":"The relationship between artificial food supply and natural food selection in two troops of commensal hamadryas baboons Papio hamadryas (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Saudi Arabia","volume":"9","author":"A Boug","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Threat Taxa"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0354133.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.3390\/d15111107","article-title":"Potential Hotspots of Hamadryas Baboon\u2013Human Conflict in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia","volume":"15","author":"G Al-Ghamdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diversity"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354133.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23407","article-title":"Interbirth intervals in wild baboons: Environmental predictors and hormonal correlates","volume":"166","author":"LR Gesquiere","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0354133.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1988636448","article-title":"Zoonotic parasite infections of the Arabian sacred baboon Papio hamadryas arabicus Thomas in Asir Province, Saudi Arabia","volume":"63","author":"AK Nasher","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Parasitol Hum Comp"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0354133.ref061","first-page":"431","article-title":"Zoonotic intestinal parasites of hamadryas baboons Papio hamadryas in the western and northern regions of Saudi Arabia","volume":"98","author":"AM Ghandour","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0354133.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1996.d01-100.x","article-title":"Hamadryas baboons Papio hamadryas as maintenance hosts of Schistosoma mansoni in Saudi Arabia","volume":"1","author":"NZ Zahed","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0354133.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12122421","article-title":"Microbiological Ecological Surveillance of Zoonotic Pathogens from Hamadryas Baboons in Southwestern Saudi Arabia","volume":"12","author":"MA Alqumber","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354133.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10329-007-0045-2","article-title":"A study on the social structure and dispersal patterns of hamadryas baboons living in a commensal group at Taif, Saudi Arabia","volume":"48","author":"A Mori","year":"2007","journal-title":"Primates"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354133.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/coaa066","article-title":"Anthropogenic effects on the physiology and behaviour of chacma baboons in the Cape Peninsula of South Africa","volume":"8","author":"S Chowdhury","year":"2020","journal-title":"Conserv Physiol"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0354133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:57:55Z","timestamp":1784833075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0354133"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Scheun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0354133","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]}}}