{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T18:04:18Z","timestamp":1785175458389,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science - Spain","award":["PID2023-147577NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-147577NB-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n The primary aim of the present study was to analyze the physical and physiological demands associated with different training tasks in women\u2019s basketball.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Fourteen basketball players were continuously monitored for 22 weeks using WIMU PRO\n \u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n \u2122 local positioning system and GARMIN\n \u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n heart rate monitors. The variables examined included: distance (DIST in m), number of accelerations (>2 m\u00b7s\n -2<\/jats:sup>\n , HACC) and decelerations (<\u22122 m\u00b7s\n -2<\/jats:sup>\n , HDEC); high speed running (>18 km\u00b7h\n -1<\/jats:sup>\n , HSR in m), number of jumps (JUMPS), player load (PL in arbitrary units) and heart rate zones (>80% of maximum heart rate, HRZ in seconds). Training tasks were classified into three orientations: directed-oriented (DIR, drills without opposition), special-oriented (SPE, small-sided games), and competitive-oriented (COM, 4-on-4 and 5-on-5 formats); and further grouped by three levels of court space. The Shapiro\u2013Wilk test was used to verify data normality. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze all variables. Skewed variables were log-transformed to meet model assumptions. Significance was set at p\u2009<\u20090.05.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The SPE tasks showed higher values than COM tasks (p\u2009<\u20090.001) in all variables except for HRZ. Also, SPE tasks reported greater values than DIR in the following variables: HRZ and HSR (both p\u2009<\u20090.001) and PL (p\u2009=\u20090.008). Finally, DIR tasks showed higher values than COM tasks in DIST, HACC, HDEC and JUMPS (all p\u2009<\u20090.001), whereas COM tasks exhibited higher values than DIR tasks in HRZ (p\u2009<\u20090.001). Considering the court space in which the tasks were performed, differences were found in all the variables analyzed, with larger spaces generally resulting in greater demands in most variables.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The results describe that task orientation and court space influence the load demands in women\u2019s basketball. DIR and SPE tasks elicited greater intensities than COM tasks, suggesting that training design should be strategically adapted according to the desired physical and physiological stimuli.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0354357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T17:32:54Z","timestamp":1785173574000},"page":"e0354357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of physical and physiological training demands in women\u2019s basketball"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5572-2712","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pau","family":"Pons-Gomila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julen","family":"Castellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Calleja-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Espasa-Labrador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9912-3251","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dimitrije","family":"Cabarkapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franc","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354357.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00405.2024","article-title":"Progression of elite sport through technology is a fait accompli; the line should be drawn from the start","volume":"137","author":"JW Beals","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"211","key":"pone.0354357.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apunsm.2021.100357","article-title":"Relationship between internal and external load in elite female youth basketball players","volume":"56","author":"J Espasa Labrador","year":"2021","journal-title":"Apunts Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0354357.ref003","first-page":"585","article-title":"Accelerometer Load Profiles for Basketball-Specific Drills in Elite Players","volume":"15","author":"X Schelling","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354357.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/24748668.2003.11868273","article-title":"Statistical analyses of basketball team performance: understanding teams\u2019 wins and losses according to a different index of ball possessions","volume":"3","author":"J Sampaio","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354357.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.26582\/k.50.1.4","article-title":"Load monitoring system in top-level basketball team: relationship between external and internal training load","volume":"50","author":"L Svilar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kinesiology"},{"key":"pone.0354357.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077934","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.1077934","article-title":"A commentary of factors related to player availability and its influence on performance in elite team sports","volume":"4","author":"J Calleja-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354357.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0158","article-title":"Training-Load Management Ambiguities and Weak Logic: Creating Potential Consequences in Sport Training and Performance","volume":"20","author":"S West","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0354357.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14198\/jhse.2023.184.01","article-title":"Relationship between internal and external load metrics in professional male basketball players","volume":"18","author":"DV Cabarkapa","year":"2023","journal-title":"jhse"},{"key":"pone.0354357.ref009","first-page":"173","article-title":"External Load Monitoring in Female Basketball: A Systematic Review","volume":"88","author":"J Espasa-Labrador","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet"},{"issue":"215","key":"pone.0354357.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apunsm.2022.100390","article-title":"Comparing the most demanding scenarios of official matches across five different professional team sports in the same club","volume":"57","author":"F Garc\u00eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Apunts Sports Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0354357.ref011","first-page":"100036","article-title":"Analysis of GPS and UWB positioning system for athlete tracking","volume":"14","author":"A Waqar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Measurement: Sensors"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0354357.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000458","article-title":"The relationships between internal and external training load models during basketball training","volume":"28","author":"AT Scanlan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354357.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.3.3.320","article-title":"A comparison of methods used for quantifying internal training load in women soccer players","volume":"3","author":"H Alexiou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0354357.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3390\/sports13090296","article-title":"Game vs. Practice Differences in External Load in U16 and U18 Women\u2019s Basketball Players","volume":"13","author":"DV Cabarkapa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports"},{"key":"pone.0354357.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02689","article-title":"Training and Competition Load Monitoring and Analysis of Women\u2019s Amateur Basketball by Playing Position: Approach Study","volume":"9","author":"M Reina Rom\u00e1n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354357.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000633","article-title":"Time-motion analysis of italian elite women\u2019s basketball games: Individual and team analyses","volume":"29","author":"D Conte","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0354357.ref017","first-page":"432","article-title":"Blood lactate and heart rate during national and international women\u2019s basketball","volume":"43","author":"M Rodr\u00edguez-Alonso","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354357.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2017.1410693","article-title":"A Comparison of Training and Competition Demands in Semiprofessional Male Basketball Players","volume":"89","author":"JL Fox","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0354357.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000018","article-title":"Conditioning for basketball: quality and quantity of training","volume":"35","author":"X Schelling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Strength Cond J"},{"key":"pone.0354357.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471327","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbot.2024.1471327","article-title":"ACA-Net: adaptive context-aware network for basketball action recognition","volume":"18","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurorobot"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0354357.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3390\/sports11100195","article-title":"Analysis of the External and Internal Load in Professional Basketball Players","volume":"11","author":"JM Gamonales","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0354357.ref022","first-page":"256","article-title":"Differences in Physical Demands between Game Quarters and Playing Positions on Professional Basketball Players during Official Competition","volume":"19","author":"F Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0354357.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.26582\/k.50.2.11","article-title":"Comparing external total load, acceleration and deceleration outputs in elite basketball players across positions during match play","volume":"50","author":"J V\u00e1zquez-Guerrero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kinesiology (Zagreb, Online)"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0354357.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2019.1647033","article-title":"Physical demands of elite basketball during an official U18 international tournament","volume":"37","author":"J V\u00e1zquez-Guerrero","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0354357.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001577","article-title":"Physical and Physiological Demands of Experienced Male Basketball Players During a Competitive Game","volume":"31","author":"C Puente","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"pone.0354357.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4709","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the WIMU inertial device for the assessment of the vertical jump","volume":"6","author":"J Pino-Ortega","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0354357.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003106","article-title":"Using an Inertial Device (WIMU PRO) to Quantify Neuromuscular Load in Running: Reliability, Convergent Validity, and Influence of Type of Surface and Device Location","volume":"34","author":"CD G\u00f3mez-Carmona","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0354357.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051477","article-title":"Activity Demands and Speed Profile of Young Female Basketball Players Using Ultra-Wide Band Technology","volume":"17","author":"M Reina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0354357.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s25010262","article-title":"Description and classification of training drills, based on biomechanical and physiological load, in elite basketball","author":"C Sosa","year":"2025"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0354357.ref030","first-page":"400","article-title":"Comparaci\u00f3n de la carga interna y externa en competici\u00f3n oficial de 3 vs. 3 y 5 vs. 5 en baloncesto femenino","volume":"37","author":"M Reina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retos"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0354357.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041456","article-title":"Comparing the external loads encountered during competition between elite, junior male and female basketball players","volume":"17","author":"R Portes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0354357.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7070165","article-title":"The acceleration and deceleration profiles of U-18 women\u2019s basketball players during competitive matches","author":"M Reina","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0354357.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451","article-title":"Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework","volume":"17","author":"AKA McKay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354357.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.21972","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Participants","volume":"333","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"138","key":"pone.0354357.ref035","first-page":"13","article-title":"Entrenament en esports d\u2019equip: l\u2019entrenament coadjuvant en el FCB","author":"A G\u00f3mez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Apunts"},{"key":"pone.0354357.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bachmann ER, Xiaoping Yun, Peterson CW. An investigation of the effects of magnetic variations on inertial\/magnetic orientation sensors. In: IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2004. Proceedings. ICRA \u201904. 2004, 2004. 1115-1122 Vol.2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/robot.2004.1307974","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2004.1307974"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0354357.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.3390\/app9050939","article-title":"Accuracy and Inter-Unit Reliability of Ultra-Wide-Band Tracking System in Indoor Exercise","volume":"9","author":"A Bastida-Castillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0354357.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002370","article-title":"Fundamentals of Research Data and Variables: The Devil Is in the Details","volume":"125","author":"TR Vetter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0354357.ref039","first-page":"105","article-title":"Log-transformation and its implications for data analysis","volume":"26","author":"C Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Shanghai Arch Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0354357.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","author":"J Cohen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences"},{"key":"pone.0354357.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5232\/ricyde2022.06701","article-title":"Physical and physiological demands according to gender, playing positions, and match outcomes in youth basketball players","author":"R Guti\u00e9rrez-Vargas","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0354357.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1080\/24748668.2015.11868824","article-title":"Match activity demands of elite Spanish female basketball players by playing position","volume":"15","author":"A Delextrat","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0354357.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2014-0407","article-title":"Gender-specific activity demands experienced during semiprofessional basketball game play","volume":"10","author":"AT Scanlan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"pone.0354357.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.5672\/apunts.2014-0983.cat.(2019\/1).135.07","article-title":"Acelerometr\u00eda en baloncesto. Estudio de la carga externa durante los entrenamientos","volume":"135","author":"A S\u00e1nchez Ballesta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Apunts Educaci\u00f3n F\u00edsica y Deportes"},{"issue":"143","key":"pone.0354357.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.5672\/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2021\/1).143.06","article-title":"Heart Rate Variability and Accelerometry: Workload Control Management in Men\u2019s Basketball","author":"V Zamora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Apunts"},{"issue":"225","key":"pone.0354357.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apunsm.2024.100466","article-title":"Analysis of tasks and training load during pre-season training in professional basketball","volume":"60","author":"O Calle","year":"2025","journal-title":"Apunts Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354357.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2023.119291","article-title":"An ecological investigation of average and peak external load intensities of basketball skills and game-based training drills","volume":"40","author":"P Sansone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol Sport"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0354357.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002826","article-title":"Comparison of 5vs5 training games and match-play using microsensor technology in elite basketball","volume":"33","author":"L Svilar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0354357.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3816","DOI":"10.3390\/app15073816","article-title":"How to Optimize Training Design? A Narrative Review of Load Modulators in Basketball Drills","volume":"15","author":"C Sosa Mar\u00edn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0354357.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12181829","article-title":"The Relationship between Training Load and Injury Risk in Basketball: A Systematic Review","volume":"12","author":"C-C Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0354357","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T17:33:02Z","timestamp":1785173582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0354357"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Rodrigo Rodrigues","family":"Gomes Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0354357","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]}}}