{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T20:11:45Z","timestamp":1788984705849,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study presents the synthesis, characterisation, and photocatalytic antifungal performance of a Cu\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Cu\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2013TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanocomposite designed to control rice blast disease caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Magnaporthe oryzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The heterostructure was fabricated through a chemical precipitation process in which TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    was first doped with Cu\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions, followed by partial reduction to Cu\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    to form CuI. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the coexistence of both Cu\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Cu\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    oxidation states. A notable feature of this material is its Cu\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Cu\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    redox cycling, which enhances charge separation during photocatalysis and supports the sustained production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as\n                    <jats:sup>\u25cf<\/jats:sup>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    and\n                    <jats:sup>\u25cf<\/jats:sup>\n                    OH. These reactive species are\n                    <jats:bold>intensified under visible-light<\/jats:bold>\n                    LED\n                    <jats:bold>irradiation,<\/jats:bold>\n                    thereby imposing strong oxidative stress on the fungal pathogen. The optical bandgap energy (Eg) was calculated from UV\u2013Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) using a Tauc plot method implemented in a Python-based analysis. Eg decreased systematically from 3.02 eV for pristine TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    to 2.67 eV for the optimized 3CuT3 composite. Correspondingly, the UV\u2013Vis absorption edge exhibited a red shift from approximately 410\u2013465 nm, indicating enhanced visible-light absorption. The 3CuT3 sample, containing the highest Cu loading (9.52 wt%), exhibited the strongest antifungal activity, achieving 91.55% inhibition of\n                    <jats:italic>M. oryzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    at 500 ppm after 10 days. In comparison, the 1CuT1 and 2CuT2 samples showed lower inhibition efficiencies of 78.22% and 83.55%, corresponding to their lower Cu contents of 2.73 wt% and 4.04 wt%, respectively. These findings suggest that the Cu species (Cu\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Cu\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) incorporated into the nanocomposite play a critical role in enhancing antifungal performance. This work provides a basis for further evaluation of the practical applicability and ecological safety of the Cu\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Cu\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2013TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanocomposite for sustainable crop protection. ppm after 10 days. In comparison, the 1CuT1 and 2CuT2 samples showed lower inhibition efficiencies of 78.22% and 83.55%, corresponding to their lower Cu contents of 2.73 wt% and 4.04 wt%, respectively. These findings suggest that the Cu species (Cu\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Cu\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) incorporated into the nanocomposite play a critical role in enhancing antifungal performance. This work provides a basis for further evaluation of the practical applicability and ecological safety of the Cu\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Cu\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2013TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanocomposite for sustainable crop protection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0354519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:26:51Z","timestamp":1786037211000},"page":"e0354519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Photocatalytic performance of CuI\/Cu2+ -TiO2 for controlling Magnaporthe oryzae infection in rice plants"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8621-2017","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hanh Thi","family":"Truong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binh","family":"Quang Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tho Truong","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9530-9382","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ha Tien","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0354519.ref001","author":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MARD","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354519.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s42483-024-00226-z","article-title":"Early molecular events in the interaction between Magnaporthe oryzae and rice","volume":"6","author":"H 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