{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T18:02:05Z","timestamp":1784916125640,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chengdu Medical College - The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Clinical Research Fund","award":["WXLHCXJJ25-44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WXLHCXJJ25-44"]}]},{"name":"Chengdu Medical College - The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Clinical Research Fund","award":["No. 24LHFYSZ1-36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 24LHFYSZ1-36"]}]},{"name":"Chengdu City Medical Research Project Fund","award":["2024522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024522"]}]},{"name":"Chengdu City Medical Research Project Fund","award":["2025476"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025476"]}]},{"name":"Chengdu City Medical Research Project Fund","award":["2023242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023242"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24NSFSC0600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24NSFSC0600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects 25\u201338% of the global population, yet the contribution of environmental polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics to its pathogenesis remains unclear. PET microplastics accumulate in the liver at approximately 4.6 particles per gram of tissue and have been implicated in metabolic disturbance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, but their molecular targets and mechanisms in MASLD are not well defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We integrated three GEO microarray cohorts (GSE37031, GSE63067, GSE89632) and performed differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and PET target prediction using ChEMBL, PharmMapper, and SwissTargetPrediction. Functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction network analysis, CIBERSORT-based immune deconvolution, molecular docking, and 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations were employed to identify and validate hub genes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Integration of MASLD transcriptomes and PET target predictions yielded 19 overlapping genes enriched in pathways related to lipid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, glycolysis\/gluconeogenesis, and chemical carcinogenesis. Network topology consistently highlighted FABP4, PTGS2, and HPGD as central hub genes. Immune deconvolution revealed MASLD-associated alterations characterized by increased M2 macrophages and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, with decreased monocytes, dendritic cells, and naive B cells. PTGS2 and FABP4 expression showed strong correlations with innate immune cells. Molecular docking demonstrated favorable PET binding to all three proteins (\u20136.3 to \u20136.9 kcal\/mol), and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed stable complexes over 100 ns, with predominantly hydrophobic interactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Through integrated bioinformatics analysis and molecular simulation, this study identifies FABP4, PTGS2, and HPGD as potential molecular targets through which PET microplastics may influence lipid metabolism, prostaglandin signaling, and innate immune responses in MASLD. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations suggest favorable binding interactions between PET and these proteins.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0354607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T17:30:29Z","timestamp":1784914229000},"page":"e0354607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated computational analysis identifies FABP4, PTGS2, and HPGD as Key molecular targets linking PET microplastic exposure to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dacai","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3311-1367","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0354607.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00318-8","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: heterogeneous pathomechanisms and effectiveness of metabolism-based treatment","volume":"13","author":"N Stefan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0354607.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.2337\/dci24-0094","article-title":"Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in People With Diabetes: The Need for Screening and Early Intervention. 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