{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:03:50Z","timestamp":1789495430787,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010640","name":"Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010640","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005250","name":"Office of Innovation and Improvement","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P120A230018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P120A230018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Hemp (\n                    <jats:italic>Cannabis sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) derived products have emerged as potential sources of novel biopesticides. We recently demonstrated that a hemp leaf extract was toxic to larvae of the yellow fever mosquito\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and that cannabidiol (CBD) was the primary larvicidal component of the extract. Here we evaluated the toxic and repellent effects of a hemp leaf extract and CBD against adult female\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Toxicity was assessed using an acute topical assay in which mosquitoes received a 500 nL application to the thorax and mortality was recorded at 24 h. Repellency was then evaluated using two complementary bioassays: (i) a no-choice membrane blood-feeding assay to quantify feeding deterrence, and (ii) a mosquito airborne repellency test (MART) to assess spatial repellency. Topical application of CBD-rich hemp leaf extract induced dose-dependent mortality in adult\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    with a LD\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 22.13 \u00b5g\/mosquito at 24 h. When CBD isolate was tested at its equivalent doses in the extract, it caused significantly lower mortality than the hemp extract. In the membrane blood-feeding repellency assay, the hemp leaf extract repelled mosquitoes in a dose-dependent manner, whereas CBD produced weaker effects even at higher equivalent doses. In the MART assay, the hemp extract did not elicit spatial repellency, suggesting low volatility of the repellent compounds. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CBD does not fully explain the adulticidal or repellent effects of the CBD-rich hemp leaf extract against adult female\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    suggesting that other compounds contribute to the bioactivity of hemp leaf extracts against adult female mosquitoes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0354696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T17:22:22Z","timestamp":1789492942000},"page":"e0354696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toxic and repellent effects of hemp leaf extracts and cannabidiol against adult female yellow fever mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1282-6929","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erick J.","family":"Mart\u00ednez Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University","place":["Wooster, Ohio, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Entomology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Larry","family":"Phelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University","place":["Wooster, Ohio, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Entomology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Canas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University","place":["Wooster, Ohio, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Entomology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuris","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University","place":["Wooster, Ohio, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Entomology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola N.","family":"Feliciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University","place":["Wooster, Ohio, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Entomology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jafina","family":"Tubbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University","place":["Wooster, Ohio, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Entomology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Loperena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Puerto Rico","place":["Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harinantenaina L.","family":"Rakotondraibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus, Ohio, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Piermarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University","place":["Wooster, Ohio, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Entomology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0354696.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1086\/511869","article-title":"Yellow Fever: Epidemiology and Prevention","volume":"44","author":"ED Barnett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0354696.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16055","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.55","article-title":"Dengue infection","volume":"2","author":"MG Guzman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0354696.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00026-8","article-title":"The global burden of dengue: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"16","author":"JD Stanaway","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"68","key":"pone.0354696.ref004","first-page":"175","article-title":"Chikungunya virus: A general overview","volume":"17","author":"KA Gal\u00e1n-Huerta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Univ"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0354696.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002921","article-title":"Arrival of chikungunya virus in the new world: prospects for spread and impact on public health","volume":"8","author":"SC Weaver","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pone.0354696.ref006","article-title":"The overlapping global distribution of dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever","author":"O Brady","year":"2024","journal-title":"In Review"},{"key":"pone.0354696.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000530","article-title":"Zika, chikungunya and dengue: the causes and threats of new and re-emerging arboviral diseases","volume":"3","author":"ES Paix\u00e3o","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"pone.0354696.ref008","unstructured":"Ranson H, Burhani J, Lumjuan N. 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