{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:50:29Z","timestamp":1792788629081,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit, Selcuk University","award":["22401120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22401120"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/045hgzm75","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of different storage temperatures on egg traits during storage and incubation, hatching characteristics and embryonic mortality in chukar partridge eggs stored under normal-term storage was investigated in this study. The study was designed as a 2\u2009\u00d7\u20094 factorial arrangement with two storage durations (7 and 14 days) and four storage temperatures (3, 9, 15 and 21 \u00b0C). After storage, a total of 480 eggs (60 eggs per subgroup) were sent directly to the histology lab to determine the stage of embryonic development. The remaining eggs (50 eggs per each subgroup) were moved to an incubator for 21 d and then transferred to a hatcher basket. On day 26, unhatched eggs were opened to determine the hatching performance and embryonic mortality rate. Lower chick weights and longer incubation periods were observed when the eggs were stored at 15 \u00b0C. Almost all the egg and hatching traits were found to be similar among treatment groups. Considering that the probability of a higher embryonic developmental stage was increased in the eggs stored at 21 \u00b0C, the occurrence of embryonic development at gastrula stage was found to be similar across both storage duration and temperature groups. Even though storage temperature is recommended to be adjusted between 12\u201318 \u00b0C in poultry industry, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to claim that partridge eggs can be stored from 3 to 21 \u00b0C without any serious negative effect in the 14 days of storage period. Most insignificant findings in both hatchability and embryonic occurrence in eggs stored at 21 \u00b0C revealed that partridge breeders and game farmers would store their eggs during the short-term storage period by placing them in a room with minor temperature and humidity modifications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0354754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:27:28Z","timestamp":1790184448000},"page":"e0354754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Large variability of preincubation storage temperature in chukar partridge eggs under normal storage duration: Impact on egg and hatching traits, and embryonic development"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1821-191X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mustafa","family":"\u00c7am","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"\u00d6zbek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahit Kutalm\u0131\u015f","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harun","family":"Karaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8956-3624","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahmut \u015eamil","family":"\u015eaml\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2499-9237","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Serdar","family":"G\u00fcler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neffel K\u00fcr\u015fat","family":"Akbulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kemal","family":"K\u0131r\u0131k\u00e7\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0354754.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.02.009","article-title":"Effect of sex ratio, storage time and temperature on hatching rate, fertility and embryonic mortality in Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar)","volume":"203","author":"H Habibi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354754.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03329","article-title":"Effects of storage temperature and length of the storage period on hatchability and performance of red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) eggs","volume":"93","author":"P G\u00f3mez-de-Travecedo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0354754.ref003","first-page":"279","article-title":"Effects of egg laying week on some egg quality characteristics of rock partridges (A. graeca)","volume":"34","author":"K K\u0131r\u0131k\u00e7\u0131","year":"2018","journal-title":"Euroasian J Vet Sci"},{"key":"pone.0354754.ref004","article-title":"Effect of hen age on egg quality, hatching performance and chick quality in Chukar Partridges (Alectoris chukar)","author":"M Cam","year":"2024","journal-title":"EurasianJVetSci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354754.ref005","first-page":"15","article-title":"Some production characteristics of rock partridges (A. graecae) in different management and lighting conditions","volume":"15","author":"K K\u0131r\u0131k\u00e7\u0131","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eurasian J Vet Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0354754.ref006","first-page":"138","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of dried onion and garlic on egg hatching performance and embryonic mortality of Chukar partridges","volume":"10","author":"NK Akbulut","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bahri Da\u011fda\u015f Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Dergisi"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0354754.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00091","article-title":"Effect of different egg storage periods on some egg quality characteristics and hatchability of partridges (Alectoris graeca)","volume":"88","author":"T Caglayan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354754.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2022.2150095","article-title":"Influence of egg storage time, position and turning on egg weight loss, embryonic mortality and hatching traits in chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar)","volume":"21","author":"M \u00c7am","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ital J Anim Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0354754.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00408","article-title":"Effect of long-term storage on the hatchability of red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) eggs","volume":"89","author":"P Gonz\u00e1lez-Redondo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0354754.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew443","article-title":"Effects of different storage time on hatching results and some egg quality characteristics of rock partridge (A. graeca) (management and production)","volume":"96","author":"S G\u00fcnhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0354754.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.4.782","article-title":"The effects of different breeding systems on egg productivity and egg quality characteristics of Rock Partridges","volume":"86","author":"O Ozbey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0354754.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0541708","article-title":"Effect of turning and age of egg on hatchability in the pheasant, chukar, and Japanese quail","volume":"54","author":"AE Woodard","year":"1975","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0354754.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1902.6.6.351","article-title":"The physiological zero and the index of development for the egg of the domestic fowl, Gallus domesticus: A contribution to the subject of the influence of temperature on growth","volume":"6","author":"CL Edwards","year":"1902","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0354754.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(76)90178-0","article-title":"From cleavage to primitive streak formation: A complementary normal table and a new look at the first stages of the development of the chick. I. General morphology","volume":"49","author":"H Eyal-Giladi","year":"1976","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0354754.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3878","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey253","article-title":"Effect of storage temperature fluctuation on embryonic development and mortality, and hatchability of broiler hatching eggs","volume":"97","author":"S \u00d6zl\u00fc","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354754.ref016","first-page":"1","article-title":"K\u0131nal\u0131 kekliklerde yumurta a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kulu\u00e7ka sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerine etkisi","volume":"7","author":"K K\u0131r\u0131k\u00e7\u0131","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bahri Da\u011fda\u015f Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Dergisi"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0354754.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4399","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex242","article-title":"Cellular and morphological characterization of blastoderms from freshly laid broiler eggs","volume":"96","author":"N Pokhrel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"pone.0354754.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3733\/ucanr.8134","volume-title":"Egg candling and breakout analysis","author":"R Ernst","year":"2004"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0354754.ref019","first-page":"2363","article-title":"The effect of storage period and temperature on weight loss in quail eggs and the hatching weight of quail chicks","volume":"10","author":"M Garip","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Anim Vet Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354754.ref020","first-page":"26","article-title":"Effects of storage conditions on egg quality","volume":"50","author":"M Grashorn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lohmann Information"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0354754.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660410001730879","article-title":"Effects of egg mass and percentage mass loss during incubation on hatchability of eggs of the rock partridge (Alectoris graeca)","volume":"45","author":"K Kirik\u00e7i","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci"},{"key":"pone.0354754.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2013.01.002","article-title":"Egg related parameters affecting fertility and hatchability in the Italian bantam breed Mericanel della Brianza","volume":"137","author":"M Madeddu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0354754.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933913000329","article-title":"Effect of pre-incubation and incubation conditions on hatchability, hatch time and hatch window, and effect of post-hatch handling on chick quality at placement","volume":"69","author":"H Bergoug","year":"2013","journal-title":"Worlds Poult Sci J"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0354754.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/00071688208447969","article-title":"Factors affecting the weight and water status of the chick at hatch","volume":"23","author":"SG Tullett","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0354754.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2023.2252785","article-title":"Egg storage conditions and manipulations during storage: effect on egg quality traits, embryonic development, hatchability and chick quality of broiler hatching eggs","volume":"80","author":"B Tainika","year":"2024","journal-title":"Worlds Poult Sci J"},{"key":"pone.0354754.ref026","article-title":"The impact of pre\u2013incubation storage temperatures on hatchable chicken eggs","volume":"1","author":"O Ekine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Innovations in Science and Engineering"},{"key":"pone.0354754.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852733","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.852733","article-title":"Storage temperature or thermal treatments during long egg storage duration influences hatching performance and chick quality","volume":"13","author":"M Guinebreti\u00e8re","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0354754.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669708418005","article-title":"Preincubation storage of turkey eggs: Impact on rate of early embryonic development","volume":"38","author":"MR Bakst","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0354754.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0712129","article-title":"Research note: variability in preincubation embryonic development in domestic fowl. 2. Effects of duration of egg storage period","volume":"71","author":"GM Fasenko","year":"1992","journal-title":"Poult Sci"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0354754","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:27:36Z","timestamp":1790184456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0354754"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Wenpeng","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0354754","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]}}}