{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T17:55:28Z","timestamp":1785779728439,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025J011393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025J011393"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016808","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024GZL-GG83"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GZL-GG83"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025J011400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025J011400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016808","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024GZL-GG37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GZL-GG37"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81870672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of high myopia and its associated demographic and ocular factors among residents aged 50 and older in Fujian Province, Southeast China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A population-based cross-sectional eye study was conducted from May 2018 to October 2019, enrolling residents aged 50 and older. Participants completed a questionnaire covering education, income, medical history, and lifestyle habits (including smoking, drinking, and tea consumption). They also underwent physical and ophthalmological examinations measuring height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP), and visual acuity (distance and best-corrected). Statistical analysis was performed using Stata software, and a multivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify factors associated with high myopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 8,024 residents were included in the study. The overall prevalence of high myopia was 3.85% [95% CI: 3.43%\u22124.27%]. Multiple logistic regression showed that high myopia was significantly associated with inland residency (OR=0.672, p\u2009=\u20090.037), higher IOP (OR=1.069, p\u2009=\u20090.001) and higher education level (OR=1.645, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High myopia is prevalent among Chinese adults, affecting 3.85% of the study population. The findings highlight the need for greater investment in accessible eye care services and policies aimed at inland elderly residents, particularly those with higher IOP and higher education level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0355042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T17:27:20Z","timestamp":1785778040000},"page":"e0355042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and related factors of high myopia among adults aged 50 years and older in Fujian Eye Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4638-3540","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinrui","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangdong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingqin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0355042.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.2","article-title":"IMI impact of myopia","volume":"62","author":"P Sankaridurg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0355042.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.5","article-title":"IMI pathologic myopia","volume":"62","author":"K Ohno-Matsui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0355042.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13366","article-title":"High myopia: reviews of myopia control strategies and myopia complications","volume":"44","author":"R Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0355042.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100114","article-title":"Clinical and anatomical features of myopia","volume":"13","author":"JB Jonas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0355042.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.6.2","article-title":"IMI-onset and progression of myopia in young adults","volume":"64","author":"MA Bullimore","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0355042.ref006","first-page":"101484","article-title":"Prevalence and temporal trends in myopia and high myopia children in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis with projections from 2020 to 2050","volume":"55","author":"W Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0355042.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.5067","article-title":"Incidence and progression of myopia in early adulthood","volume":"140","author":"SS-Y Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355042.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12907","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for myopia and high myopia: a cross-sectional study among Han and Uyghur students in Xinjiang, China","volume":"42","author":"S Jing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0355042.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307724","article-title":"Global variations and time trends in the prevalence of childhood myopia, a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis: implications for aetiology and early prevention","volume":"100","author":"AR Rudnicka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0355042.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25957","article-title":"IMI - defining and classifying myopia: a proposed set of standards for clinical and epidemiologic studies","volume":"60","author":"DI Flitcroft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0355042.ref011","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics People\u2019s Republic of China. Major Figures of the 2010 population census. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http:\/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/tjsj\/pcsj\/rkpc\/6rp\/indexch.htm"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0355042.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001172","article-title":"Diurnal intraocular pressure fluctuations with self-tonometry in glaucoma patients and suspects: a clinical trial","volume":"95","author":"J Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0355042.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702669","article-title":"Comparison of the ICare rebound tonometer with the Goldmann applanation tonometer by experienced and inexperienced tonometrists","volume":"22","author":"LM Abraham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355042.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-014-0026-6","article-title":"IOP agreement between I-Care TA01 rebound tonometer and the Goldmann applanation tonometer in eyes with and without glaucoma","volume":"35","author":"G Sinha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0355042.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.04.009","article-title":"Comparison of open-field autorefraction, closed-field autorefraction, and retinoscopy for refractive measurements of children and adolescents in Taiwan","volume":"119","author":"Y-C Kuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"pone.0355042.ref016","unstructured":"Optometry Group of Ophthalmology Society of Chinese Medical Association, Committee of Optometry of Chinese Ophthalmologist Association, Optometry Group of Ophthalmology Committee of Chinese Non-Government Medical Institutions Association, et al. Expert consensus on prevention and control of high myopia (2023). Chin J Optom Vis Sci. 2023;25(6):401\u20137."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355042.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00231-4","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"6","author":"PN Baird","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0355042.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"BA Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355042.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1042-0","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of refractive error: a cross-sectional Study in Han and Yi adults in Yunnan, China","volume":"19","author":"M Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0355042.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0469-0","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for refractive error: a cross-sectional study in Han and Mongolian adults aged 40-80 years in Inner Mongolia, China","volume":"33","author":"M Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355042.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8249","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65078-x","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of myopia in Han and Yugur older adults in Gansu, China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355042.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-017-0574-4","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for myopia in older adult east Chinese population","volume":"17","author":"C Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0355042.ref023","article-title":"Refractive errors in an elderly Japanese population: the Tajimi study","volume":"115","author":"Tajimi Study Group","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0355042.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.128256","article-title":"A comparison of measures of reading and intelligence as risk factors for the development of myopia in a UK cohort of children","volume":"92","author":"C Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0355042.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3858","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1451","article-title":"Myopia and the urban environment: findings in a sample of 12-year-old Australian school children","volume":"49","author":"JM Ip","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0355042.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10480","article-title":"What factors are associated with myopia in young adults? A survey study in Taiwan Military Conscripts","volume":"54","author":"Y-Y Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355042.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580701755560","article-title":"Prevalence of refractive errors in a population of office-workers in Buenos Aires, Argentina","volume":"15","author":"MF Cortinez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355042.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211196","article-title":"Myopia is associated with education: results from NHANES 1999-2008","volume":"14","author":"S Nickels","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355042.ref029","first-page":"8","article-title":"The prevalence and its effective factors of primary angle-closure glaucoma in defined populations of rural and urban in Beijing","volume":"41","author":"L Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0355042.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.144","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors and ocular biometry parameters in an elderly Asian population: the Singapore Longitudinal Aging Study (SLAS)","volume":"25","author":"CSH Tan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0355042.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111788","article-title":"High myopia and its associated factors in JPHC-NEXT eye study: a cross-sectional observational study","volume":"8","author":"K Mori","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0355042.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2024.06.003","article-title":"Complications of high myopia: an update from clinical manifestations to underlying mechanisms","volume":"4","author":"Y Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0355042.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.6.5","article-title":"IMI-nonpathological human ocular tissue changes with axial myopia","volume":"64","author":"JB Jonas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0355042.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5626479","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5626479","article-title":"A review of intraocular pressure (IOP) and axial myopia","volume":"2022","author":"D Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0355042.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154554","article-title":"Education-related parameters in high myopia: adults versus school children","volume":"11","author":"JB Jonas","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0355042","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T17:27:26Z","timestamp":1785778046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0355042"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Rajiv R.","family":"Mohan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0355042","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]}}}