{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T18:21:17Z","timestamp":1787854877422,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Physician shortage is a crucial global issue. Some countries have introduced task shifting to expand paramedics\u2019 roles. This expansion requires citizens\u2019 social trust in paramedics in general. During medical emergencies, citizens must allow treatment by paramedics, with whom they often have no prior relationship. Although social trust is vital in medical emergencies, its level among hospital paramedics is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate citizens\u2019 social trust in hospital paramedics and their acceptance of the paramedics\u2019 medical practices, as well as the impact of educational outreach regarding hospital paramedics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n In this within-participant pre\u2013post assessment, citizens completed a web-based questionnaire distributed online to assess social trust in hospital paramedics before and after receiving information about hospital paramedics. Social trust was assessed using a validated questionnaire, and acceptance of paramedic medical practices was evaluated using a five-point Likert scale. Descriptive analyses were performed to assess social trust and acceptance of paramedic medical practices. The impact of educational outreach was evaluated using mean differences and corresponding confidence intervals.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 630 participants were included. Citizens\u2019 social trust in hospital paramedics and their acceptance of paramedic medical practices were high. After educational outreach regarding hospital paramedics, acceptance of their practices showed a statistically significant but modest improvement, whereas social trust did not show a statistically significant change.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Society may already accept hospital paramedics\u2019 activities because social trust in ordinary paramedics has already been established. Task shifting to allied healthcare professionals to address physician shortages may require credible certification and education systems to gain high social trust and acceptance of hospital paramedics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0355197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T17:41:01Z","timestamp":1787852461000},"page":"e0355197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Public social trust and acceptance of task shifting to hospital paramedics as a response to physician shortages"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7041-5899","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuji","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Izumiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Eto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0355197.ref001","author":"H Ritchie","year":"2024"},{"key":"pone.0355197.ref002","unstructured":"World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 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