{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:11:18Z","timestamp":1786119078912,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the structure, internal consistency, language-based measurement invariance, and construct validity of the Psychological Acculturation Scale (PAS), which assesses psychological acculturation via emotional attachment and belonging-based indicators. Analyses were conducted on a sample of 511 Latinx caregivers of youth with emotional\/behavioral problems living in the United States (U.S.). Caregivers provided survey data either in English or Spanish on key sociodemographic factors (e.g., age, binary-gender, generational status in the U.S., language preference) and on psychological acculturation. Findings suggest that the PAS unidimensional factor structure had excellent internal consistency (\u03b1\u2009=\u2009.96, English \u03b1\u2009=\u2009.96, Spanish \u03b1\u2009=\u2009.90) and strong factor loadings (.75\u2212.88) but fit indices for a confirmatory factor analysis were mixed. Post-hoc exploratory factor analyses were conducted to determine whether the model fit could be improved through the identification of a multidimensional structure, which uncovered two factors: (a) cultural identity and social belonging, and (b) cultural competence and familiarity. However, the two-factor solution fit better but had a high degree of overlap\/redundancy (covariance\u2009=\u2009.923). A bifactor analysis suggest that the cultural identity and social belonging scale was unstable after accounting for the global scale and associated fit indices supported a unidimensional structure. The PAS unidimensional structure did not achieve configural invariance across English\/Spanish versions, which suggest that differences in scores between language forms should be interpreted with caution. Our findings support the cautious use of the PAS as a brief unidimensional proxy measure of psychological acculturation to facilitate research with English\/Spanish speaking Latinx caregivers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0355228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:28:05Z","timestamp":1786037285000},"page":"e0355228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Viviendo entre dos culturas: Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Psychological Acculturation Scale among Latinx caregivers"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6790-7534","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alejandro 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