{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:54:37Z","timestamp":1791914077245,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bath & North East Somerset, Swindon and Wiltshire Research Capability Funding seed"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Managing multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs) within individuals is a key global public health priority. Psychological interventions are effective in improving mental health outcomes in single-condition populations, yet the evidence for adults with MLTCs remains scarce. This scoping review aimed to map existing evidence on psychological interventions for people with MLTCs, highlight literature gaps and offer recommendations for future research, practice, and policy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pre-registered review follows Arksey &amp; O\u2019Malley\u2019s (2005) framework and is reported in line with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We searched six databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, PsycNET, Web of Science) up to January 2025, including reference screening and a grey literature search. After screening 124 full texts, 54 studies were included. Eligible studies evaluated any psychological intervention in adults with two or more long-term health conditions and included a validated psychological health outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Existing research primarily focusses on a handful of chronic conditions (diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic pain), often alongside comorbid depression. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and behavioural activation (BA) are the most frequently evaluated interventions, generally demonstrating positive effects on mental health and acceptability to patients. The evidence base has progressed from early-stage development and feasibility studies to effectiveness trials, though economic evaluations and implementation research are still scarce. Notable gaps include limited research on transdiagnostic approaches, underserved populations and studies involving healthcare providers and carers. Most studies are concentrated in Western countries, highlighting a need for broader geographic representation, particularly in the global South.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychological interventions such as CBT and BA show promise for individuals with MLTCs, but significant gaps remain. Future research should i) prioritise inclusive, transdiagnostic approaches to MLTC management, ii) expand geographic diversity, iii) use data-driven approaches to identify and intervene on common MLTC clusters and iv) incorporate health economic and implementation considerations to support more effective and equitable mental health care for those living with MLTCs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0355366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:38:28Z","timestamp":1791913108000},"page":"e0355366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychological interventions for mental health in adults with multiple long-term conditions: A scoping review and evolution of the evidence base"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5327-8821","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Masha","family":"Remskar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bath","place":["Bath, United Kingdom"],"department":["Department for Health"]},{"name":"Arizona State University","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States of America"],"department":["College of Health Solutions"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4425-2691","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Colin J.","family":"Greaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham","place":["Birmingham, United Kingdom"],"department":["School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn A.","family":"Chew-Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keele University","place":["Keele, United Kingdom"],"department":["School of Medicine"]},{"name":"Midlands Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust","place":["Stafford, United Kingdom"],"department":["Research and Innovation Department"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afroditi","family":"Stathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham","place":["Birmingham, United Kingdom"],"department":["School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Link\u00f6ping University","place":["Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"department":["Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning"]},{"name":"Link\u00f6ping University","place":["Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"department":["Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences"]},{"name":"Karolinska Institute","place":["Solna, Sweden"],"department":["Department of Clinical Neuroscience"]},{"name":"Lus\u00f3fona University HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Kingstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keele University","place":["Keele, United Kingdom"],"department":["School of Medicine"]},{"name":"Midlands Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust","place":["Stafford, United Kingdom"],"department":["Research and Innovation Department"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Hayhoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Exeter","place":["Exeter, United Kingdom"],"department":["School of Education"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4774-9054","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bath","place":["Bath, United Kingdom"],"department":["Department for Health"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0355366.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.5265","article-title":"Designing health care for the most common chronic condition--multimorbidity","volume":"307","author":"ME Tinetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2235042X19870934","article-title":"Prevalence of multimorbidity in community settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"9","author":"H Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Comorb"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355366.ref003","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multimorbidity","volume":"8","author":"ST Skou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primer"},{"issue":"582","key":"pone.0355366.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp11X548929","article-title":"Epidemiology and impact of multimorbidity in primary care: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"61","author":"C Salisbury","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0355366.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558711399580","article-title":"Review: health care utilization and costs of elderly persons with multiple chronic conditions","volume":"68","author":"T Lehnert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Care Res Rev"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.06.009","article-title":"Multimorbidity and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"221","author":"JR Read","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0355366.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.02.007","article-title":"Multimorbidity and Mental Health","volume":"25","author":"JJ Gallo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355366.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjment-2023-300870","article-title":"Relationship between severe mental illness and physical multimorbidity: a meta-analysis and call for action","volume":"26","author":"D Pizzol","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Ment Health"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.04.005","article-title":"Multimorbidity and quality of life: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"TT Makovski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0355366.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125457","article-title":"Living with, managing and minimising treatment burden in long term conditions: a systematic review of qualitative research","volume":"10","author":"S Demain","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0355366.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1017\/S104161021400163X","article-title":"Patients with mental-physical multimorbidity: do not let them fall by the wayside","volume":"26","author":"AMA van den Brink","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0355366.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371305800702","article-title":"A meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioural therapy for adult depression, alone and in comparison with other treatments","volume":"58","author":"P Cuijpers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355366.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720005292","article-title":"The evidence for cognitive behavioural therapy in any condition, population or context: a meta-review of systematic reviews and panoramic meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"B Fordham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.02.073","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of Internet-delivered behavioral activation","volume":"235","author":"A Huguet","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.001","article-title":"Effectiveness of online mindfulness-based interventions for improving mental health in patients with physical health conditions: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Z Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nurs"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref016","volume-title":"Improving Clinical Co-Ordination of Care for People with Multiple Long-Term Conditions","author":"D Fenney","year":"2025"},{"issue":"741","key":"pone.0355366.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3399\/BJGP.2023.0163","article-title":"A primary care research agenda for multiple long-term conditions: a Delphi study","volume":"74","author":"J Stokes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref018","author":"National Institute for Health Research","year":"2024"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref019","author":"UK Research & Innovation","year":"2025"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref020","author":"National Institute for Health Research","year":"2026"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref021","volume-title":"Multimorbidity: A Priority for Global Health Research","author":"The Academy of Medical Sciences","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0355366.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvae113","article-title":"Psychological interventions for depression and anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease, heart failure or atrial fibrillation: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"CF Ski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0355366.ref023","first-page":"26","article-title":"Overview of Systematic Reviews of Mindfulness Meditation-based Interventions for People With Long-term Conditions","volume":"31","author":"J Long","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Mind Body Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0355366.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-081104","article-title":"Effectiveness of complex behaviour change interventions tested in randomised controlled trials for people with multiple long-term conditions (M-LTCs): systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"TA Rookes","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref025","article-title":"Interventions for improving outcomes in patients with multimorbidity in primary care and community settings","author":"SM Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Library"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref026","article-title":"A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: update of Medical Research Council guidance","volume":"374","author":"K Skivington","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355366.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"H Arksey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0355366.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref029","author":"National Health Service (NHS)","year":"2025"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref030","volume-title":"Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews: A comparison of guidance-led narrative synthesis versus meta-analysis","author":"J Popay","year":"2006"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0355366.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.02.020","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD","volume":"104","author":"MJ Hynninen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0355366.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/16398","article-title":"A web- and mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (Get.Back): pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness","volume":"7","author":"S Schlicker","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.04.004","article-title":"Effectiveness of a collaborative care intervention for managing major depression and chronic musculoskeletal pain in primary care: A cluster-randomised controlled trial","volume":"252","author":"E Aragon\u00e8s","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0355366.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001575","article-title":"Efficacy of a transdiagnostic emotion-focused exposure treatment for chronic pain patients with comorbid anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"160","author":"K Boersma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0355366.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.04.008","article-title":"Efficacy of Videoconference Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Behavioral Activation Therapy for Depression (BATD) for Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) Plus Comorbid Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial (IMPACT Study)","volume":"24","author":"JP Sanabria-Mazo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0355366.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2918","article-title":"Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: results of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"KA Tovote","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355366.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-04546-w","article-title":"Cognitive behavior therapy for diabetes distress, depression, health anxiety, quality of life and treatment adherence among patients with type-II diabetes mellitus: a randomized control trial","volume":"23","author":"Q Abbas","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0355366.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12245","article-title":"The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"C Doyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355366.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3800-y","article-title":"Tailored, psychological intervention for anxiety or depression in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), TANDEM (Tailored intervention for ANxiety and DEpression Management in COPD): protocol for a randomised controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"R Sohanpal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0355366.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3928\/02793695-20190221-01","article-title":"The Lighten Your Life Program: An Educational Support Group Intervention That Used a Mobile App for Managing Depressive Symptoms and Chronic Pain","volume":"57","author":"J Ventura","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0355366.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(23)00238-6","article-title":"Behavioural activation to mitigate the psychological impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on older people in England and Wales (BASIL+): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"S Gilbody","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355366.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-022-00992-7","article-title":"The feasibility and acceptability of a brief psychological intervention for adults with long-term health conditions and subthreshold depression delivered via community pharmacies: a mixed methods evaluation-the Community Pharmacies Mood Intervention Study (CHEMIST)","volume":"8","author":"CA Chew-Graham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pilot Feasibility Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355366.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2004.09.004","article-title":"Improving depression outcomes in older adults with comorbid medical illness","volume":"27","author":"LH Harpole","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355366.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1494-9","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral group therapy for patients with physical diseases and comorbid depressive or adjustment disorders on a waiting list for individual therapy: results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"M Ruesch","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0355366.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-016-0575-z","article-title":"Group and Individual Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) Are Both Effective: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial in Depressed People with a Somatic Disease","volume":"7","author":"MJ Schroevers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mindfulness (N Y)"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0355366.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-023-10215-9","article-title":"The Effectiveness of Low-Intensity Psychological Interventions for Comorbid Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Long-Term Conditions: A Real-World Naturalistic Observational Study in IAPT Integrated Care","volume":"31","author":"CT Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0355366.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-020-10170-9","article-title":"Dialectical Behavior Therapy in the Treatment of Comorbid Borderline Personality Disorder and Eating Disorder in a Naturalistic Setting: A Six-Year Follow-up Study","volume":"45","author":"MV Navarro-Haro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cogn Ther Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0355366.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012671","article-title":"Investigating the effectiveness of an online acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention versus a waiting list control condition on pain interference and quality of life in adults with chronic pain and multimorbidity: protocol for a randomised controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"BW Slattery","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0355366.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003779","article-title":"Behavioural activation to prevent depression and loneliness among socially isolated older people with long-term conditions: The BASIL COVID-19 pilot randomised controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"S Gilbody","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.02083","article-title":"The Effectiveness of a Body-Affective Mindfulness Intervention for Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"8","author":"S Carletto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0355366.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1080\/08870440902842739","article-title":"The acceptability of computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment of depression in people with chronic physical disease: a qualitative study of people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"25","author":"D Hind","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355366.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-4018-8","article-title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of a tailored cognitive behavioural therapy with a supportive listening intervention for depression in those newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (the ACTION-MS trial): protocol of an assessor-blinded, active comparator, randomised controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"L Kiropoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0355366.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000227","article-title":"Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on quality of life, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"85","author":"F Bennebroek Evertsz\u2019","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0355366.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-023-09999-5","article-title":"Moving Towards Acceptance and Values: A Qualitative Study of ACTforIBD Compared to IBD Psychoeducation","volume":"31","author":"K Wilkin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol Med Settings"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106842","article-title":"Improving functioning in HIV+ patients with chronic pain and comorbid depression: Protocol for a randomized clinical trial testing a collaborative behavioral health intervention based on behavioral activation","volume":"119","author":"MM Pinkston","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0355366.ref056","article-title":"Mindfulness-based stress reduction to improve depression, pain and high patient global assessment in controlled rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"6","author":"I Gaboury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatol Adv Pract"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref057","first-page":"140","article-title":"Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Training with Immersive Technology (Virtual Reality) to Improve the Quality of Life of Patients with Multimorbidity in Primary Care: The Mindful-VR Study","volume":"16","author":"P Palomo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev CYBERTHERAPY Telemed"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0355366.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/38005","article-title":"Improvements in Depression Outcomes Following a Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention in a Polychronic Population: Retrospective Study","volume":"6","author":"A Venkatesan","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0355366.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpra.2020.12.004","article-title":"An Open Trial of Telephone-Delivered Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy for Reducing Depressive Symptoms","volume":"29","author":"AJ Shallcross","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Pract"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijosm.2021.12.004","article-title":"A Mindful ACT - testing the feasibility and acceptability of a brief psychosocial intervention designed to accompany osteopathy treatment for people who live with persistent pain","volume":"42","author":"M J\u00e4ger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Osteopath Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0355366.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18062948","article-title":"Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"18","author":"A Raya-Tena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-015-0246-5","article-title":"Managing depression in people with multimorbidity: a qualitative evaluation of an integrated collaborative care model","volume":"16","author":"SE Knowles","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355366.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2009.09.005","article-title":"Applying dialectical behavior therapy to chronic pain: A case study","volume":"1","author":"SJ Linton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355366.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2037-3","article-title":"Efficacy of a blended low-intensity internet-delivered psychological programme in patients with multimorbidity in primary care: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"A Monreal-Bartolom\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355366.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4198-7","article-title":"Effectiveness of a psychoeducation group intervention conducted by primary healthcare nurses in patients with depression and physical comorbidity: study protocol for a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"R Casa\u00f1as","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-0827-6","article-title":"Short-term intensive psychodynamic group therapy versus cognitive-behavioral group therapy in day treatment of anxiety disorders and comorbid depressive or personality disorders: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"H Suszek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0355366.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12776","article-title":"Integrated telehealth care for chronic illness and depression in geriatric home care patients: the Integrated Telehealth Education and Activation of Mood (I-TEAM) study","volume":"62","author":"ZD Gellis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h638","article-title":"Integrated primary care for patients with mental and physical multimorbidity: cluster randomised controlled trial of collaborative care for patients with depression comorbid with diabetes or cardiovascular disease","volume":"350","author":"P Coventry","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0355366.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/11701","article-title":"Addressing Depression Comorbid With Diabetes or Hypertension in Resource-Poor Settings: A Qualitative Study About User Perception of a Nurse-Supported Smartphone App in Peru","volume":"6","author":"LR Brandt","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2019.10.23","article-title":"Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for patients with chronic lung disease and psychological comorbidities undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation","volume":"11","author":"MI Pumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-016-0190-2","article-title":"Feasibility of training practice nurses to deliver a psychosocial intervention within a collaborative care framework for people with depression and long-term conditions","volume":"15","author":"LAD Webster","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0355366.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-020-09831-5","article-title":"Preliminary Outcomes of an Older Peer and Clinician co-Facilitated Pain Rehabilitation Intervention among Adults Aged 50 Years and Older with Comorbid Chronic Pain and Mental Health Conditions","volume":"92","author":"J Brooks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatr Q"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0355366.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2024.12216","article-title":"Which Remote Rehabilitation Interventions Work Best for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain and Depression? A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis","volume":"54","author":"P Bobos","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355366.ref074","article-title":"A review of the effectiveness of psychological interventions used for anxiety and depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"1","author":"SMS Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200685","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1200685","article-title":"A systematic review of cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions for comorbid chronic pain and clinically relevant psychological distress","volume":"14","author":"JP Sanabria-Mazo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0355366.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2015.05.012","article-title":"Psychosocial interventions for people with diabetes and co-morbid depression. A systematic review","volume":"52","author":"JLA Kok","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0355366.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796011000345","article-title":"Treating co-morbid chronic medical conditions and anxiety\/depression","volume":"20","author":"D Cimpean","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0355366.ref078","article-title":"Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Individuals With Depression and Chronic Health Conditions: A Systematic Review","volume":"15","author":"D Adhikary","year":"2023","journal-title":"CUREUS J Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0355366.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5486","article-title":"Efficacy and effectiveness of psychological interventions on co-occurring mood and anxiety disorders in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"VM Wuthrich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0355366.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.01.337","article-title":"Economic Evaluation of Videoconference Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Behavioral Activation Therapy for Depression Versus Usual Care Among Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain Plus Comorbid Depressive Symptoms","volume":"25","author":"JP Sanabria-Mazo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0355366.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/14737167.2019.1536550","article-title":"Cost-utility analysis of telephone-based cognitive behavior therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with anxiety and depression comorbidities: an application for willingness to accept concept","volume":"19","author":"F Moayeri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0355366.ref082","article-title":"Examining variation in the measurement of multimorbidity in research: a systematic review of 566 studies","volume":"6","author":"IS-S Ho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.06.003","article-title":"Association of mood disorder with cardiometabolic multimorbidity trajectory and life expectancy, a prospective cohort study","volume":"312","author":"J Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0355366.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.09.021","article-title":"Multimorbidity patterns: a systematic review","volume":"67","author":"A Prados-Torres","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0355366.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02420-6","article-title":"Biological and functional multimorbidity-from mechanisms to management","volume":"29","author":"C Langenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355366.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-013-9486-6","article-title":"The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: building an international consensus for the reporting of behavior change interventions","volume":"46","author":"S Michie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.19363.2","article-title":"The Behaviour Change Technique Ontology: Transforming the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1","volume":"8","author":"MM Marques","year":"2024","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687","article-title":"Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide","volume":"348","author":"TC Hoffmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9836","key":"pone.0355366.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60240-2","article-title":"Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study","volume":"380","author":"K Barnett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0355366.ref090","article-title":"The fragmentation of hospital use among a cohort of high utilizers: implications for emerging care coordination strategies for patients with multiple chronic conditions","author":"K Hempstead","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355366.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JAA.0000615508.92677.66","article-title":"Implementation science: Helping healthcare systems improve","volume":"33","author":"GL Jackson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAAPA"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0355366.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2023-0071","article-title":"The Physical Activity Policy to Practice Disconnect","volume":"20","author":"M Pratt","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0355366.ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-100195","article-title":"Personalised exercise-rehabilitation for people with multiple long-term conditions (PERFORM): a randomised feasibility study","volume":"15","author":"RA Evans","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0355366.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-083255","article-title":"Personalised Exercise-Rehabilitation FOR people with Multiple long-term conditions (PERFORM): protocol for a randomised feasibility trial","volume":"14","author":"SA Simpson","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0355366","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:38:39Z","timestamp":1791913119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0355366"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dorothy Serwaa","family":"Boakye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Education Winneba Faculty of Science Education","place":["GHANA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0355366","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]}}}